Bioaccumulation of ¹³C-fullerenol nanomaterials in wheat

Abstract

Fullerenol, an important water-soluble derivative of fullerene carbon nanomaterial, has been increasingly used in medicine and industry. The presence and release of carbon nanoparticles into the environment have raised concerns over potential impacts on human health and the environment. In this study, the bioaccumulation of fullerenol nanoparticles in wheat was investigated using 13 C-labelling techniques. The dose and time-dependent bioaccumulation of fullerenol in wheat was observed, and most fullerenol (about 85.68-263.86% ID per g, percentage of dose per gram tissue) was found in roots. With prolonged culture times, the seedlings treated with relatively low concentrations of fullerenol nanoparticles (2.5 μg mL −1 ) showed significant increases in 13 C content in roots, while 10.0 μg mL −1 fullerenol appeared to suppress this accumulation. Only very limited amounts (<4.13% ID per g) of fullerenol nanoparticles were translocated from roots to stems and leaves. The presence of fullerenol nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, and small particles were found in the vascular cylinder of wheat roots. During the incubations with fullerenol nanoparticles at all test concentrations, the biomass gain of stems and leaves was unaffected, while root elongation was promoted. Fullerenol also improved the synthesis of chlorophyll in wheat during the 7 d observation period.Environ. Sci.: Nano This journal isAs an important water-soluble derivative of fullerene carbon nanomaterial, fullerenol has been increasingly used in the field of medicine and in industry, but the environmental impact of fullerenol has seldom been investigated. Herein, the bioaccumulation of fullerenol nanoparticles in wheat was investigated using 13 C-labelling techniques. The dose and time dependent bioaccumulation of fullerenol in wheat was observed, while the majority of particles (about 85.68-263.86% ID per g, percentage of dose per gram tissue) were only found in the roots and very limited amounts (<4.13% ID per g) could translocate from the roots to stems and leaves. Fullerenol promoted root elongation and chlorophyll synthesis.

Skeleton labeled ¹³C-carbon nanoparticles for the imaging and quantification in tumor drainage lymph nodes

“…She performed the arc discharge experiment and prepared it following the literature protocols. 16,17,19 Briefly, the anode electrode was fabricated by coring out of the 12 C-carbon rods and packing the core with 13 C-enriched amorphous carbon powder (15 wt%). Pure graphite rod was set as the cathode.…”

“…13 In the recent decade, 13 C skeleton isotope labeling of carbon nanomaterials has been established as reliable technique for the quantification of trace amount of carbon nanomaterials in biological systems. [16][17][18][19][20][21] The advantages of 13 C skeleton isotope labeling include high accuracy, low detection limit, nonradioactive nature, high stability, and suitability in long-term tracing. In 2007, we reported that 13 C-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could be prepared by laser ablation method and quantified by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy (IRMS) in mice.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20] CNSI shared very similar chemical components and structures to the naked carbon dots (carbon particles with diameters of ~3 nm), which had been successfully quantified by 13 C skeleton isotope labeling. 18 Therefore, 13 C skeleton isotope labeling might be hopeful in quantifying CNSI, and the main issue to achieve the quantification is the preparation of 13 C-skeleton-labeled CNSI samples of the same physiochemical properties and imaging capability.…”

Bioactivity Study of the C60-L-Threonine Derivative for Potential Application in Agriculture

“…The authors of [16,47,62] concluded that the positive effect of water-soluble fullerene derivatives on plants is presumably associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Absorption, translocation, and accumulation of carbon nanomaterials (fullerenes and fullerene derivatives and carbon nanotubes) have been evaluated for the following plants: rice, radish, onion, bitter melon, and wheat [9,57,59,61,63,64].…”

“…As an example, authors of [63][64][65] showed that the uptake of C 60 and fullerenol C 60 (OH) 20 by wheat germs (Triticum aestivum L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) depends on their concentration in the root zone, and these compounds were accumulated mainly in the roots. Growthinhibitory effects of another water-soluble derivative, the carboxyfullerene C 70 (C(COOH) 2 ) 2-4 , have been reported in tobacco (N. tabacum) cell cultures, showing cell wall deformations and induction of ROS production [66].…”