Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in soil

Zhao, Shuyan; Zhu, Lingyan; Liu, Li; Liu, Zhengtao; Zhang, Yahui

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.002

Cited by 83 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Studies have shown ACN [35], MeOH [26], MTBE [36], NaOHMeOH [37], NaOH-MTBE [30] are efficient in the extraction of PFAAs from environmental samples. To evaluate the capacity of different solvents, recovery tests for FTOH degradation products of poly-and perfluorinated acids in soils and plant roots and shoots were conducted.…”

Section: Selection Of Extractants For Poly-and Perfluorinated Acids Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are a number of peer-reviewed publications reporting extraction methods for PFAAs and FTOHs in solid and biological matrices [28,[31][32][33][34], methodological studies on the extraction of FTOHs and their degradation products from plants are limited. In this study, the efficiency of different extractants, which have been reported for extracting PFAAs and FTOHs from solid and biological samples [7,26,30,[35][36][37], including acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), NaOH-MeOH and NaOH-MTBE for the extraction of FTOHs degradation products of poly-and perfluorinated acids, and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and MeOH for the extraction of FTOHs, was tested. The results showed that both FTOHs and their degradation products of poly-perfluorinated acids could be extracted by MeOH efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols and their degradation products in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Zhang

Wen

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tDegradation of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was recognized as an additional source of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Quantification of FTOHs and their degradation products can help shed light on the sources and fates of PFCAs in the environment. In this study, an analytical method was developed for the determination of 6:2 and 8:2 FTOHs, and their degradation products of poly-and perfluorinated acids, including fluorotelomer saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids (FTCAs and FTUCAs), secondary polyfluorinated alcohols and PFCAs in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The extract efficiencies of different methods including ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH) for FTOHs and acetonitrile, MeOH, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), NaOH-MeOH and NaOH-MTBE for poly-and perfluorinated acids were tested. The results showed that 6:2 and 8:2 FTOHs and their degradation products could be simultaneously and satisfactorily extracted by MeOH, cleaned up by Envi-Carb graphitized carbon and solid phase extraction, respectively, and determined by UPLC-MS/MS separately. NaOH in the extractant caused the conversion of 6:2 FTCA and 8:2 FTCA into the corresponding FTUCAs. The selected methods have matrix recoveries ranged from 52% to 102%, and detection limits of 0.01-0.46 ng/g dry weight for FTOHs and their degradation products in soil and plant. The optimized method was applied successfully to quantify FTOHs and their degradation products in two biosolids-amended soils and plants. The total concentrations of FTOHs in the soils were 44.1 ± 5.8 and 82.6 ± 7.1 ng/g, and in plants tissues 3.58 ± 0.25 and 8.33 ± 0.66 ng/g. The total concentrations of poly-and perfluorinated acids in the soils were 168.0 ± 13.2 and 349.6 ± 11.2 ng/g, and in plants tissues 78.0 ± 6.4 and 75.5 ± 5.3 ng/g.

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Section: Selection Of Extractants For Poly-and Perfluorinated Acids Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols and their degradation products in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Zhang

Wen

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…PFOS and PFOA in earthworms were extracted by MeOH-NaOH according to the method of Zhao et al (2013). The two extraction methods and purification were detailed in the Supplementary materials.…”

Section: Determination Of Pfos and Pfoa In Soils And Earthwormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far information about the accumulation of PFASs by earthworms from soil is quite limited. The work of Zhao et al (2013) is perhaps the only available research on earthworm uptake of PFASs from artificially-contaminated soil, which suggested that the biota-to-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) increased with perfluorinated carbon chain length. However, artificially polluted soils do not reflect the actual behavior of weathered PFASs in field soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in biosolids-amended soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t sBioavailability of PFOS and PFOA by earthworm in biosolids-amended soils was studied. The uptake and elimination kinetics fit a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. PFOS displayed higher k u , lower k e , and longer t ss than those of PFOA. The bioaccumulation factors and t ss decreased with soil concentrations increasing. Soil concentration and OM contents accounted for earthworm bioavailability. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThe bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seven biosolids-amended soils without any additionally spiking to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was studied. The uptake and elimination kinetics of PFOS and PFOA fit a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. PFOS displayed higher uptake and lower elimination rate coefficients, and longer time to reach steady-state (t ss ) than those of PFOA. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PFOS and PFOA ranged 1.54-4.12 and 0.52-1.34 g soil g worm À1, respectively. The BAFs and t ss decreased with increasing concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in soils. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to elucidate the bioavailability of PFOS and PFOA. The results showed that the total concentrations of PFOS and PFOA, and organic matter (OM) contents in soils explained 87.2% and 91.3% of the variation in bioavailable PFOS and PFOA, respectively. PFOS and PFOA concentrations exhibited positive influence and OM contents showed the negative influence on the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA in earthworms. Soil pH and clay contents played relatively unimportant role in PFOS and PFOA bioavailability.

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“…Also similar to PFCAs, the global distribution of PFSAs is governed by a combination of direct release and transport as well as release and transport of precursors that subsequently degrade to PFSAs [50]. One difference in behavior is that PFSAs with perfluoroalkyl chains of the same length tend to sorb [16] and bioaccumulate [31,75,76] more strongly than PFCAs, [31,75,77] which is an effect of the different anionic head groups. Consequently, PFSAs with perfluoroalkyl chain lengths of C6 (i.e.…”

Section: Perfluoroalkane Sulfonic Acids (Pfsas) and Their Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the effect of phasing out long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in the environment? A systematic review protocol

et al. 2015

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Background: There is a growing concern in Sweden and elsewhere that continued emissions of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may cause environmental as well as human health effects. PFASs are a broad class of man-made substances that have been produced and used in both commercial products and industrial processes for more than 60 years. Although the production and use of some PFASs has been phased-out in some parts of the world, it is not known what effect these actions to date have had on PFAS concentrations in the environment. Owing to the wide diversity of PFASs, it is difficult to generalize their properties, environmental fate and production histories. However, the strength and stability of the C-F bond renders the perfluoroalkyl moieties resistant to heat and environmental degradation. Several PFASs are now occurring even in very remote areas in large parts of the world, but the environmental transport and fate of substances within this group is not well understood. A systematic review may be able to determine whether the concentrations of these substances in different environments are changing in any particular direction with time, and whether the phase-outs have had any effects on the concentration trends. Methods: Searches for primary research studies reporting on temporal variations of PFAS concentrations in the environment will be performed in the scientific literature as well as in other reports. Relevant samples include both abiotic and biological samples including humans. No particular time, document type, language or geographical constraints will be applied. Two authors will screen all retrieved articles. Double screening of about 10% of the articles will be performed by all authors at both title/abstract and full-text levels. Kappa tests will be used to test if the screening is consistent. Relevant articles will be critically appraised by four authors (double checking of 25% of the articles). Quality assessment will focus on selection bias, dating of samples, sample integrity and analytical procedures. Data synthesis will be based on statistical analysis of temporal concentration trends.

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Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in soil

Cited by 83 publications

References 56 publications

Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols and their degradation products in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols and their degradation products in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in biosolids-amended soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

What is the effect of phasing out long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in the environment? A systematic review protocol

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