Bioaccessibility of total bound fumonisin from corn flakes

Abstract

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is often found as a natural contaminant of corn and corn-based food. Several publications have demonstrated the presence of fumonisin bound to proteins and to other compounds of the matrix. In spite of the low oral bioavailability of FB1 in rats, pigs, chickens, cows, and monkeys, FB1 can cause agriculturally significant disease and possibly human cancer. The aim of this work was to determine the bioaccessibility of total bound FB1 (TB FB1) (percentage of TB FB1, released from corn flakes to the chyme) after in vitro digestion. Two samples of corn flakes washed with solvents were incubated with gastrointestinal tract solutions simulating saliva plus stomach and duodenal juices. After hydrolysis of the chyme with KOH, TB FB1 was determined as hydrolyzed FB1 (HFB1). The bioaccessibility of TB FB1 in chyme from corn flakes was 37-64%, indicating that these derivatives should be considered in evaluation of exposure to fumonisin.

Masked mycotoxins: A review

“…The release of parent forms of fumonisins in the case of raw maize was in agreement with an associative nature of the masking mechanism. These findings were in agreement with those already reported .…”

Extrusion cooking with glucose supplementation of fumonisin‐contaminated corn grits protects against nephrotoxicity and disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in rats

“…Greater reductions are achieved when a reducing sugar is added to the mixture prior to processing 11–13. However, analytical results alone are insufficient to determine whether cooking reduces toxicity as unknown thermal decomposition or other reaction products, including difficult to detect matrix‐associated or bound fumonisins 14, 15 might contribute to toxicity.…”

Mycotoxin bioaccessibility/absorption assessment usingin vitro digestion models: a review

“…In each compartment digestion takes place after addition of simulated physiological juices and incubation at 37 ºC for a time relevant for the considered compartment. The system has been employed mainly to simulate human GI tract (Brandon et al, 2006;De Nijs et al, 2012;Kabak et al, 2009Motta and Scott, 2009;Versantvoort et al, 2004Versantvoort et al, , 2005. A very similar compartmentalized approach, but simpler in terms of composition of simulated physiological juices, has been described by Gawlik-Dziki et al (2009), and has been used for AFB1 bioaccessibility calculations (Simla et al, 2009).…”

“…As a clear example of how the presence of masked mycotoxins could affect bioaccessibility measurements, in a reference material with a declared FBs contamination of 3036 µg/kg, an amount of 8010 µg/kg of free FBs was detected after the in vitro digestion (Dall'Asta et al, 2009). Similarly, Motta and Scott (2009) studied the bioaccessibility of total bound FB1 (TB FB1) in naturally contaminated corn flakes using the RIVM model. Corn flake samples assayed had a low level (23 µg/kg TB FB1) or high level (92 µg/kg TB FB1) of contamination.…”