“…This is clearly shown by the number of articles and reviews in the field; three by ourselves on the biopharmaceutical aspects of the calix[n]arenes in 2004, 8 a second on the biochemistry of the p-sulfonato-calix[n]arenes in 2006, 9 and more on calix[n]arenes as protein sensors in 2007. 10 Other major reviews have come from Ludwig, 11 Kalchenko et al in 2009, 12 and a review by Danylyuk and Suwinska on the solid state complexes of the calix[n]arenes with biologically relevant molecules in 2009. 5 In the last few years two schools of thought on the use of calix [n]arenes in biology and medicine are emerging; the first developed by Lin and Hamilton, 13 Brewster et al 14 and Neri et al 15 uses the calix[n]arenes as skeletons onto which various pharmacophores are coupled and the second developed by ourselves, 16 Kalchenko, 17 Schrader et al, 18 Matthews et al, 19 Casnati et al, 20 Shahgaldian et al 21 and others, who have used simple derivatives of the calix[n]arenes as biologically active molecules in their own right.…”