Bio‐Conjugated Advanced Materials for Targeted Disease Theranostics

Abstract

Human beings are “machines” that use endogenously produced biomolecules as “components” in signaling and for the maintenance of the body. These biomolecules consist of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which can either be extracted from biological substrates or synthesized by chemical/biochemical methods. These biomolecules have the ability to recognize/interact with other biomolecules that are overexpressed in disease cells. For targeted theranostics, strategies to chemically incorporate these natural biomolecules with advanced materials to treat human diseases by imaging‐guided drug delivery or photodynamic/photothermal therapy are proposed, with improved biocompatibility. Herein, recent research on construction of quantum dots, nanoparticles, and 2D material platforms decorated with antibodies, peptides, nucleic acid aptamers, carbohydrates, and folic acid for targeted diagnosis and treatment are summarized and discussed. In addition, the various strategies required to construct effective functional materials for targeted cancer therapy are highlighted. The hope is that this review can inspire and guide those that are interested in the field of biomedicine to rationally design and develop new target‐based theranostic materials.

Antibody Conjugation of Nanoparticles as Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment

“…Immunoliposomes are liposomal formulations with antibody molecules conjugated to the surface. There are numerous types of targeting ligands reported in the literature for the generation of targeted liposomes ( Table 1 ) [ 79 ]. To date, there have been five targeted liposomes in clinical trials: Endotag-1 TM , C225-ILs TM , MM-310 TM , MM-302 TM , and MBP-42 TM [ 61 ].…”

“…Consequently, rapamycin has been extensively studied as an option for breast cancer treatment [ 108 ]. The co-delivery of PTX and rapamycin from trastuzumab-targeted immunoliposomes reduced tumor growth in vivo compared to untreated controls [ 79 , 86 ]. On the other hand, the co-delivery of curcumin and resveratrol from trastuzumab-targeted immunoliposomes were also explored for HER2 breast cancer [ 100 ].…”

Pinkment: a synthetic platform for the development of fluorescent probes for diagnostic and theranostic applications

“…There is a growing need for new and effective diagnostic tools that can evaluate biomarkers involved in inammatory based diseases. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Inammation is the innate defence mechanism of the body that recognises damaged cells, pathogens and infections. The inammatory response oen results in the generation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which are involved in the functional regulation of M1 and M2 macrophages.…”

“…Our group and others have focused on the uorescence-based detection of ROS/RNS such as ONOO À , H 2 O 2 and HOCl. 1,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] To achieve the selective detection of a particular ROS requires the careful consideration of both uorophore and reactive motif. In this regard, resorun is a particularly attractive uorophore due to its red shied uorescence and easy to functionalise scaffold.…”

Photoactivatable Surface-Functionalized Diatom Microalgae for Colorectal Cancer Targeted Delivery and Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Complexes

“…Different porous material such as zeolites, nanoparticles, dendrimers/polymers, nano-hydrogels or metal organic frameworks were shown to be prospective tools in the field of drug delivery systems (DDSs) and cancer targeted treatments [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In terms of material design for colon-focused drug delivery, several approaches have been described.…”