Bimodal interplay of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in physiology and pathophysiology of bovine sperm function

Single-cell transcriptome profiling implicates the psychological stress-induced disruption of spermatogenesis

“… 32 , 33 , 44 ROS are involved in the regulation of several fertilization-related physiological responses, including sperm maturation, hyperactivation, capacitation, sperm acrosome reaction, and sperm-oocyte fusion. 32 , 45 , 46 , 47 However, excessive ROS production may lead to DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, and even cell apoptosis. 32 , 48 , 49 All these events can negatively affect sperm quality and male fertility.…”

Role of trace minerals in bull reproductive physiology and semen quality

“…Sperm-specific physiologic ROS production occurs mainly in the mitochondrial electron transport system. 9 Bull sperm contain ~ 72 mitochondria located within 3 spirals around midpiece. 10 Oxidative phosphorylation in these mitochondria is essential for sperm motility, but generates hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, H 2 O 2, and nitric oxide.…”

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in Mithun (Bos frontalis): What progress has been made so far? An overview

“…Antioxidants manifest important mechanisms in vitro and in vivo to minimize oxidative damage to spermatozoa and maintain cellular equilibrium (Upadhyay et al, 2021). A balance of free radicals and antioxidants are required to nullify the free radicals during cryopreservation and the exogenous addition of antioxidants has been investigated to neutralize free radicals (Upadhyay et al, 2022; Zhang et al, 2016). Therefore; standardized the addition of optimal concentrations of various additives to reduce the free radicals formation and to improve the semen quality profiles in liquid‐preserved and cryopreserved Mithun semen.…”