Bilateral Orbital Infarction Syndrome After Bifrontal Craniotomy

Bilateral central retinal/ophthalmic artery occlusion and near-complete ophthalmoplegia after bilateral lung transplant

“…It manifests with orbital pain, total ophthalmoplegia, and acute blindness. Unilateral orbital infarction has been reported in context of acute perfusion failure, 15 mucormycosis, 15 systemic or orbital vasculitis, 15 cocaine, 16 and surgical clipping of aneurysms 17 causing ischemia to all the intra orbital and intra ocular structures, while bilateral orbital infarction has been reported after a bifrontal craniotomy 18 . Orbital pain, present in 40% of cases, and ptosis are two features of OIS that were not present in our patient.…”

Bilateral central retinal/ophthalmic artery occlusion and near-complete ophthalmoplegia after bilateral lung transplant

“…It manifests with orbital pain, total ophthalmoplegia, and acute blindness. Unilateral orbital infarction has been reported in context of acute perfusion failure, 15 mucormycosis, 15 systemic or orbital vasculitis, 15 cocaine, 16 and surgical clipping of aneurysms 17 causing ischemia to all the intra orbital and intra ocular structures, while bilateral orbital infarction has been reported after a bifrontal craniotomy 18 . Orbital pain, present in 40% of cases, and ptosis are two features of OIS that were not present in our patient.…”

Permanent unilateral visual loss and orbital compartment syndrome following unilateral frontal craniotomy: illustrative case

“…Seven articles reported direct ocular compression to be the likely cause of POVL. This was due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy from excessive pressure produced by an eye protection pad with a large wet gauze placed between the eyeball and the scalp flap for moisturization, 11,[18][19][20][21] prolonged Trendelenburg position, 8 and OCS. 16 Consistent findings across cases included ophthalmoplegia and significant edema of the orbital muscles on immediate postoperative MRI.…”

Bilateral Orbital Compartment Syndrome Following a Craniotomy With Coronal Incision

“…2,6,7 Recently, another theory has proposed that external pressure leads to orbital venous congestion, which in turn reduces perfusion pressure and eventually causes compressive optic neuropathy and associated arterial occlusion. [8][9][10] In fact, the exact incidence of OCS after neurosurgery is not well established. Some of the risk factors for the development of OCS include long duration in the prone position, flap compression, and the use of retraction devices during surgery, while orbital compression by the flap is considered to be the most important cause.…”

“…On this basis, further studies concluded that its possible mechanism was a rapid increase in intraorbital pressure caused by various reasons, which led to the central artery occlusion, as well as direct compression of the optic nerve and its nutrient vessels, resulting in irreversible visual loss 2,6,7 . Recently, another theory has proposed that external pressure leads to orbital venous congestion, which in turn reduces perfusion pressure and eventually causes compressive optic neuropathy and associated arterial occlusion 8–10 . In fact, the exact incidence of OCS after neurosurgery is not well established.…”

Bilateral central retinal/ophthalmic artery occlusion and near-complete ophthalmoplegia after bilateral lung transplant

“…It manifests with orbital pain, total ophthalmoplegia, and acute blindness. Unilateral orbital infarction has been reported in context of acute perfusion failure, 15 mucormycosis, 15 systemic or orbital vasculitis, 15 cocaine, 16 and surgical clipping of aneurysms 17 causing ischemia to all the intra orbital and intra ocular structures, while bilateral orbital infarction has been reported after a bifrontal craniotomy 18 . Orbital pain, present in 40% of cases, and ptosis are two features of OIS that were not present in our patient.…”

Permanent unilateral visual loss and orbital compartment syndrome following unilateral frontal craniotomy: illustrative case

“…Seven articles reported direct ocular compression to be the likely cause of POVL. This was due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy from excessive pressure produced by an eye protection pad with a large wet gauze placed between the eyeball and the scalp flap for moisturization, 11,[18][19][20][21] prolonged Trendelenburg position, 8 and OCS. 16 Consistent findings across cases included ophthalmoplegia and significant edema of the orbital muscles on immediate postoperative MRI.…”

Bilateral Orbital Compartment Syndrome Following a Craniotomy With Coronal Incision

“…2,6,7 Recently, another theory has proposed that external pressure leads to orbital venous congestion, which in turn reduces perfusion pressure and eventually causes compressive optic neuropathy and associated arterial occlusion. [8][9][10] In fact, the exact incidence of OCS after neurosurgery is not well established. Some of the risk factors for the development of OCS include long duration in the prone position, flap compression, and the use of retraction devices during surgery, while orbital compression by the flap is considered to be the most important cause.…”

“…On this basis, further studies concluded that its possible mechanism was a rapid increase in intraorbital pressure caused by various reasons, which led to the central artery occlusion, as well as direct compression of the optic nerve and its nutrient vessels, resulting in irreversible visual loss 2,6,7 . Recently, another theory has proposed that external pressure leads to orbital venous congestion, which in turn reduces perfusion pressure and eventually causes compressive optic neuropathy and associated arterial occlusion 8–10 . In fact, the exact incidence of OCS after neurosurgery is not well established.…”

Bilateral central retinal/ophthalmic artery occlusion and near-complete ophthalmoplegia after bilateral lung transplant

“…It manifests with orbital pain, total ophthalmoplegia, and acute blindness. Unilateral orbital infarction has been reported in context of acute perfusion failure, 15 mucormycosis, 15 systemic or orbital vasculitis, 15 cocaine, 16 and surgical clipping of aneurysms 17 causing ischemia to all the intra orbital and intra ocular structures, while bilateral orbital infarction has been reported after a bifrontal craniotomy 18 . Orbital pain, present in 40% of cases, and ptosis are two features of OIS that were not present in our patient.…”

Permanent unilateral visual loss and orbital compartment syndrome following unilateral frontal craniotomy: illustrative case

“…Seven articles reported direct ocular compression to be the likely cause of POVL. This was due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy from excessive pressure produced by an eye protection pad with a large wet gauze placed between the eyeball and the scalp flap for moisturization, 11,[18][19][20][21] prolonged Trendelenburg position, 8 and OCS. 16 Consistent findings across cases included ophthalmoplegia and significant edema of the orbital muscles on immediate postoperative MRI.…”

Bilateral Orbital Compartment Syndrome Following a Craniotomy With Coronal Incision

“…2,6,7 Recently, another theory has proposed that external pressure leads to orbital venous congestion, which in turn reduces perfusion pressure and eventually causes compressive optic neuropathy and associated arterial occlusion. [8][9][10] In fact, the exact incidence of OCS after neurosurgery is not well established. Some of the risk factors for the development of OCS include long duration in the prone position, flap compression, and the use of retraction devices during surgery, while orbital compression by the flap is considered to be the most important cause.…”

“…On this basis, further studies concluded that its possible mechanism was a rapid increase in intraorbital pressure caused by various reasons, which led to the central artery occlusion, as well as direct compression of the optic nerve and its nutrient vessels, resulting in irreversible visual loss 2,6,7 . Recently, another theory has proposed that external pressure leads to orbital venous congestion, which in turn reduces perfusion pressure and eventually causes compressive optic neuropathy and associated arterial occlusion 8–10 . In fact, the exact incidence of OCS after neurosurgery is not well established.…”