“…Instead it receives the left renal vein and, more superiorly, crosses the midline dorsal to the aorta, continuing on to join the azygos vein. Although duplication of the IVC with azygos continuation of the IVC [5], and with the azygos and hemiazygos continuation has been reported [3,6], we could not find a description in the radiologic literature of the combination of such with an uninterrupted right IVC. Recognition and reporting of developmental alterations in IVC anatomy are important for pulmonary angiography, IVC filter placement, potential kidney donors, cardiac catheterization, and some surgical procedures, especially aortic aneurysm repair.…”