Bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome following herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis

Bristow, E A; Cottrell, D G; Pandit, Ranjeet

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702196

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…7 Prior reports have described the development of ARN either following or concurrent with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 encephalitis. 8,9 Bilateral disease has been reported predominantly in neonates and in immunosuppressed patients (e.g. patients on chemotherapy and following exposure to high-dose systemic corticosteroids).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Herpes Simplex Virus–Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis and Meningitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Weissman¹,

Biousse²,

Schechter³

et al. 2015

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina

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A 60-year-old woman with a history of recurrent headaches and blurred vision but otherwise healthy presented to an ophthalmologist with bilateral optic disc edema. Intravenous methylprednisonlone was administered because of a concern for optic neuritis. The patient’s vision declined to hand motions level in both eyes and a subsequent evaluation revealed bilateral acute retinal necrosis with bilateral central retinal artery occlusions. Aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV), establishing a diagnosis of HSV-associated bilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and meningitis. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) has rarely been reported in association with ARN and the particularly fulminant course with bilateral CRAO in association with ARN has not been previously reported. Our patient’s disease course emphasizes the importance of careful peripheral examination in patients with presumptive optic neuritis, judicious use of systemic corticosteroid in this context, and the retinal vaso-obliterative findings that may be observed in the pathogenesis of ARN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Herpes Simplex Virus–Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis and Meningitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Weissman¹,

Biousse²,

Schechter³

et al. 2015

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina

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“…7 Previous episodes of herpetic meningitis and/or encephalitis have been associated with unilateral or bilateral acute retinal necrosis. 1,13,14 The latency period between neonatal infection and acute retinal necrosis can be as long as 46 years, presentation can be bilateral or unilateral progressing to bilateral involvement. 15 In patients with a history of herpetic encephalitis and/or meningitis, the virus may have entered the central nervous system via hematogenous spread, leading to diffuse cortical infection or retrograde invasion from the focal site of infection, leading to focal cortical infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Retinal Necrosis Presenting in Developmentally-delayed Patients with Neonatal Encephalitis: A Case Series and Literature Review

Okafor

Thinda

et al. 2016

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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We report three cases of patients with developmental-delay from neonatal herpetic encephalitis and/or meningitis who presented years later with acute retinal necrosis due to herpes simplex virus. The diagnosis was delayed in all cases due to the patients' inability to verbalize their ocular complaints and cooperate with eye examinations. This case series documents the clinical course, pathophysiologic mechanism, and treatment of acute retinal necrosis in this patient population. Clinicians should understand the importance of prudent consideration of acute retinal necrosis in patients with a history of neonatal herpetic encephalitis and/or meningitis presenting with a red eye.

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“…There have been numerous reports of HSV-1 as a cause of acute retinal necrosis in adults, but in our literature review, we were able to only find two such reports in older children (11 and 16 years of age). [3][4][5][6][7] In the case of the 11-year-old, there was no definitive diagnosis of previous HSV-1 infection. An immunologic study by Preise et al 5 showed a relative immunodeficiency against certain HSV-1 antigens in an adult with late-presenting acute retinal necrosis after encephalitis, suggesting a possible immunologic propensity for reactivation or reinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute retinal necrosis as a late sequela of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in a child

Curtis

Mandava

2007

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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Bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome following herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Herpes Simplex Virus–Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis and Meningitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Herpes Simplex Virus–Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis and Meningitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Acute Retinal Necrosis Presenting in Developmentally-delayed Patients with Neonatal Encephalitis: A Case Series and Literature Review

Acute retinal necrosis as a late sequela of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in a child

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