Biharmonic Friction with a Smagorinsky-Like Viscosity for Use in Large-Scale Eddy-Permitting Ocean Models

Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2935:bfwasl>2.0.co;2

Cited by 386 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…OFAM3 uses the vertical mixing scheme described by Chen et al (1994), and a biharmonic Smagorinsky viscosity scheme described by Griffies and Hallberg (2000) OFAM3 is forced with 1.5 • -resolution, 3-hourly surface heat, freshwater, and momentum fluxes from ERA-Interim (Dee and Uppala, 2009). Surface temperature is restored to monthly averaged observations with a nominal restoring timescale of 10 days.…”

Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a near-global eddy-resolving ocean model

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Analysis of the variability of the last 18 yr (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) of a 32 yr run of a new near-global, eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model coupled with biogeochemistry is presented. Comparisons between modelled and observed mean sea level (MSL), mixed layer depth (MLD), sea level anomaly (SLA), sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll a indicate that the model variability is realistic. We find some systematic errors in the modelled MLD, with the model generally deeper than observations, which results in errors in the chlorophyll a, owing to the strong biophysical coupling. We evaluate several other metrics in the model, including the zonally averaged seasonal cycle of SST, meridional overturning, volume transports through key straits and passages, zonally averaged temperature and salinity, and El Niño-related SST indices. We find that the modelled seasonal cycle in SST is 0.5-1.5 • C weaker than observed; volume transports of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the East Australian Current, and Indonesian Throughflow are in good agreement with observational estimates; and the correlation between the modelled and observed NINO SST indices exceeds 0.91. Most aspects of the model circulation are realistic. We conclude that the model output is suitable for broader analysis to better understand upper ocean dynamics and ocean variability at mid-and low latitudes. The new model is intended to underpin a future version of Australia's operational short-range ocean forecasting system.

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Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The explicit horizontal diffusion is zero. Horizontal viscosity is resolution-and state-dependent using a biharmonic Smagorinsky viscosity scheme (Griffies and Hallberg, 2000), with an isotropic parameter of 3.0 and an anisotropic parameter of 3.0.…”

Section: A6 Mixing Parameterisationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a near-global eddy-resolving ocean model

et al. 2013

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“…A biharmonic operator is used for horizontal turbulent mixing with 1.0 × 10 10 m 4 s −1 as diffusivity coefficient. A biharmonic friction with a Smagorinsky-like viscosity [Griffies and Hallberg, 2000] is used for momentum. The vertical viscosity and diffusivity are determined by the turbulent closure scheme of Noh and Kim [1999].…”

Section: A1 Dynamical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay mechanism of the 2004/05 Kuroshio large meander

Usui¹,

Tsujino²,

Nakano³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The generalized Arakawa scheme [Ishizaki and Motoi, 1999] is used for momentum advection to conserve quasi-enstrophy. We adopted Smagorinsky-like biharmonic horizontal mixing of momentum [Griffies and Hallberg, 2000]. For horizontal and vertical advection of tracers, the Uniformly Third-Order Polynomial Interpolation Algorithm (UTOPIA) [Leonard et al, 1994] and the Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics with Estimated Streaming Terms (QUICKEST) [Leonard, 1979] schemes, respectively, were adopted.…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal variability of the Subtropical Front of the western North Pacific in an eddy‐resolving ocean general circulation model

Yamanaka¹,

Ishizaki²,

Hirabara³

et al. 2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We examined decadal variability of the Subtropical Front (STF) of the western North Pacific by using a North Pacific ocean general circulation model (OGCM), comparing the results of three simulations with different horizontal resolutions. In the long-term mean fields, the eddy-resolving model (10 km) was able to simulate the distributions of the STF and the associated Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) between 20°N and 30°N better than either the non-eddy-resolving model (100 km) or the eddy-permitting model (20 km) because it simulated the Kuroshio recirculation gyre more realistically. The simulated STF intensity exhibited significant decadal-scale variations: it was stronger in the late 1970s and weaker in the early 1990s. During these two periods, the simulated mode waters showed corresponding differences in their potential vorticity minima density and paths. We also investigated the relationship between the decadal-scale STF variability and atmospheric forcing. The results suggest that the decadal-scale STF variability can be largely explained by changes in the mode waters formed in the western North Pacific and advected to north of the STF by the subtropical gyre in response to a change in surface westerly winds that occurred in the mid-1970s.

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Biharmonic Friction with a Smagorinsky-Like Viscosity for Use in Large-Scale Eddy-Permitting Ocean Models

Cited by 386 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of a near-global eddy-resolving ocean model

Evaluation of a near-global eddy-resolving ocean model

Decay mechanism of the 2004/05 Kuroshio large meander

Decadal variability of the Subtropical Front of the western North Pacific in an eddy‐resolving ocean general circulation model

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