Bifonazole, but not the structurally-related clotrimazole, induces both peroxisome proliferation and members of the cytochrome P4504A sub-family in rat liver

Clotrimazole-Loaded Mediterranean Essential Oils NLC: A Synergic Treatment of Candida Skin Infections

“…A greater CLZ incorporation capability in NLC prepared with Lavandula EO was shown in respect to RNLC. However, the low values found for the EE% could be due to steric hindrance imparted to CLZ because of the spatial orientation of the phenyl rings, thus limiting not only the in vitro performance as reported by Sabzevari et al, but also the interactions with other components during the formation of NLC [40]. As previously reported, the disappearance of the characteristic absorption bands for a drug after incorporation into lipids, revealed by the FT-IR analysis, indicates the drug has transferred to the amorphous state [41].…”

Clotrimazole-Loaded Mediterranean Essential Oils NLC: A Synergic Treatment of Candida Skin Infections

“…A greater CLZ incorporation capability in NLC prepared with Lavandula EO was shown in respect to RNLC. However, the low values found for the EE% could be due to steric hindrance imparted to CLZ because of the spatial orientation of the phenyl rings, thus limiting not only the in vitro performance as reported by Sabzevari et al, but also the interactions with other components during the formation of NLC [40]. As previously reported, the disappearance of the characteristic absorption bands for a drug after incorporation into lipids, revealed by the FT-IR analysis, indicates the drug has transferred to the amorphous state [41].…”

Effects of Hepatic Drug-metabolizing Enzyme Induction on Clinical Pathology Parameters in Animals and Man

“…Other microsomal enzyme inducers have also been studied for effects on liver and/or serum hepatobiliary marker enzyme activity. Fibrate hypolidemics and other PPARα agonists are potent inducers of CYP4A in the rat (Peterson et al 2004; Sabzevari et al 1996). Minimal increases in serum ALT and/or ALP activity were seen in rats given WY-14643, WAY-144112, and clofibrate and were associated with increased hepatic ALP, but not ALT, activities for WY-14643 and WAY-14112 (Kramer et al 2003; O’Brien et al 2002; Peterson et al 2004).…”

Clotrimazole-Loaded Mediterranean Essential Oils NLC: A Synergic Treatment of Candida Skin Infections

“…A greater CLZ incorporation capability in NLC prepared with Lavandula EO was shown in respect to RNLC. However, the low values found for the EE% could be due to steric hindrance imparted to CLZ because of the spatial orientation of the phenyl rings, thus limiting not only the in vitro performance as reported by Sabzevari et al, but also the interactions with other components during the formation of NLC [40]. As previously reported, the disappearance of the characteristic absorption bands for a drug after incorporation into lipids, revealed by the FT-IR analysis, indicates the drug has transferred to the amorphous state [41].…”

Effects of Hepatic Drug-metabolizing Enzyme Induction on Clinical Pathology Parameters in Animals and Man

“…Other microsomal enzyme inducers have also been studied for effects on liver and/or serum hepatobiliary marker enzyme activity. Fibrate hypolidemics and other PPARα agonists are potent inducers of CYP4A in the rat (Peterson et al 2004; Sabzevari et al 1996). Minimal increases in serum ALT and/or ALP activity were seen in rats given WY-14643, WAY-144112, and clofibrate and were associated with increased hepatic ALP, but not ALT, activities for WY-14643 and WAY-14112 (Kramer et al 2003; O’Brien et al 2002; Peterson et al 2004).…”

Clotrimazole-Loaded Mediterranean Essential Oils NLC: A Synergic Treatment of Candida Skin Infections

“…A greater CLZ incorporation capability in NLC prepared with Lavandula EO was shown in respect to RNLC. However, the low values found for the EE% could be due to steric hindrance imparted to CLZ because of the spatial orientation of the phenyl rings, thus limiting not only the in vitro performance as reported by Sabzevari et al, but also the interactions with other components during the formation of NLC [40]. As previously reported, the disappearance of the characteristic absorption bands for a drug after incorporation into lipids, revealed by the FT-IR analysis, indicates the drug has transferred to the amorphous state [41].…”

Effects of Hepatic Drug-metabolizing Enzyme Induction on Clinical Pathology Parameters in Animals and Man

“…Other microsomal enzyme inducers have also been studied for effects on liver and/or serum hepatobiliary marker enzyme activity. Fibrate hypolidemics and other PPARα agonists are potent inducers of CYP4A in the rat (Peterson et al 2004; Sabzevari et al 1996). Minimal increases in serum ALT and/or ALP activity were seen in rats given WY-14643, WAY-144112, and clofibrate and were associated with increased hepatic ALP, but not ALT, activities for WY-14643 and WAY-14112 (Kramer et al 2003; O’Brien et al 2002; Peterson et al 2004).…”