Bifid mandibular condyle

The frequency of bifid mandibular condyle in a Turkish patient population

“…17 cases were bilateral and 42 were unilateral: 24 on the left and 18 on the right side (left-right, 1.3:1). However, if dry skulls 41,42 and cadavers 17 are included, the ratio of unilateral-bilateral cases rises to 4.6:1. In the current study, a ratio of 3.0:1 was observed, which is close to those reported in the literature.…”

“…However, some mediolateral bifid condyles have been reported following sagittal fracture through the condylar head. 17,21 A current literature review in living patients revealed a total of 65 cases (for 6 cases, information was insufficient). 17 cases were bilateral and 42 were unilateral: 24 on the left and 18 on the right side (left-right, 1.3:1).…”

Tetrafid mandibular condyle: a unique case report and review of the literature

“…Although the most common possible aetiology has been considered as trauma, comparative studies showed that the majority of patients had no history of previous trauma or TMJ complaints. 21,31,46 We found only four cases of trifid mandibular condyle in the literature (Artvinli and Kansu, 30 Antoniades et al, 31 Cagirankaya and Hatipoglu, 47 Sezgin and a b Tetrafid mandibular condyle Kayıpmaz 48 ). Three of the four reported cases of trifid mandibular condyle had history of trauma.…”

Morphological and degenerative changes in a suspected post-traumatic bifid mandibular condyle

“…[6,7] Bilateral BMC, although rare, has been reported, [7][8][9][10][11][12] and several cases of BMC associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis have been published. [13][14][15] There does not appear to be any racial or gender predilection [4] although there appears to be interracial variations in prevalence. [5,16] Two popular theories exist for BMC development.…”