Bicycling and Walking are Associated with Different Cortical Oscillatory Dynamics

Storzer, Lena; Butz, Markus; Hirschmann, Jan V.; Abbasi, Omid; Gratkowski, Maciej; Saupe, Dietmar; Schnitzler, Alfons; Dalal, Sarang S.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00061

Cited by 69 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Indeed, we observed a cyclical increase in EEG-EMG coherence that approximately coincided with the co-contraction of two leg muscles. Such a pattern is similar to the cyclical increase in coherence that occurs during treadmill walking (Petersen et al, 2012) as well as the cyclical increase in the activity of the sensorimotor cortex during robot-assisted walking (Wagner et al, 2012, 2014; Seeber et al, 2014, 2015; Storzer et al, 2016), pedaling on a stationary bike (Storzer et al, 2016), and rhythmic finger movements (Seeber et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…However, recent functional neuroimaging studies in humans have shown that the midline (i.e., the most medial) primary sensorimotor cortex is significantly active during steady-state walking (Fukuyama et al, 1997; Hanakawa et al, 1999; Miyai et al, 2001; Wagner et al, 2012, 2014; Seeber et al, 2014, 2015; Storzer et al, 2016). Specifically, within the gait cycle, the midline primary sensorimotor cortex cyclically increases its activity approximately between mid-beta and low-gamma frequencies (Wagner et al, 2012, 2014; Seeber et al, 2014, 2015; Storzer et al, 2016). Furthermore, Petersen et al (2012) have reported that, during treadmill walking, the activities of the midline primary motor cortex and the foot dorsiflexor become cyclically coherent, with similar timing and frequency range as the aforementioned increase in the midline sensorimotor activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Increase in Corticomuscular Coherence during Bilateral, Cyclical Ankle Movements

Yoshida

Masani

Zabjek

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In humans, the midline primary motor cortex is active during walking. However, the exact role of such cortical participation is unknown. To delineate the role of the primary motor cortex in walking, we examined whether the primary motor cortex would activate leg muscles during movements that retained specific requirements of walking (i.e., locomotive actions). We recorded electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals from 15 healthy, young men while they sat and performed bilateral, cyclical ankle movements. During dorsiflexion, near-20-Hz coherence increased cyclically between the midline primary motor cortex and the co-contracting antagonistic pair (i.e., tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles) in both legs. Thus, we have shown that dynamic increase in corticomuscular coherence, which has been observed during walking, also occurs during simple bilateral cyclical movements of the feet. A possible mechanism for such coherence is corticomuscular communication, in which the primary motor cortex participates in the control of movement. Furthermore, because our experimental task isolated certain locomotive actions, the observed coherence suggests that the human primary motor cortex may participate in these actions (i.e., maintaining a specified movement frequency, bilaterally coordinating the feet, and stabilizing the posture of the feet). Additional studies are needed to identify the exact cortical and subcortical interactions that cause corticomuscular coherence and to further delineate the functional role of the primary motor cortex during bilateral cyclical movements such as walking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Increase in Corticomuscular Coherence during Bilateral, Cyclical Ankle Movements

Yoshida

Masani

Zabjek

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In previous studies, modulation of cortical oscillatory activity in the beta band during transitions between rest and pedaling conditions was observed (Storzer et al, 2016). Similarly, Wagner et al (2012) and Seeber et al (2014) showed a beta band decrease during walking compared to rest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Recently, it has been shown using scalp EEG that bicycling relative to walking has a stronger sustained cortical activation and less demanding cortical motor control within the movement cycle (Storzer et al, 2016). This is probably due to the fact that walking demands more phase-dependent sensory processing and motor planning, because each leg is independent in altering stance and swing movement phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BrainCycles: Experimental Setup for the Combined Measurement of Cortical and Subcortical Activity in Parkinson's Disease Patients during Cycling

Gratkowski

Storzer

Butz

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Recently, it has been demonstrated that bicycling ability remains surprisingly preserved in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who suffer from freezing of gait. Cycling has been also proposed as a therapeutic means of treating PD symptoms, with some preliminary success. The neural mechanisms behind these phenomena are however not yet understood. One of the reasons is that the investigations of neuronal activity during pedaling have been up to now limited to PET and fMRI studies, which restrict the temporal resolution of analysis, and to scalp EEG focused on cortical activation. However, deeper brain structures like the basal ganglia are also associated with control of voluntary motor movements like cycling and are affected by PD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes implanted for therapy in PD patients provide rare and unique access to directly record basal ganglia activity with a very high temporal resolution. In this paper we present an experimental setup allowing combined investigation of basal ganglia local field potentials (LFPs) and scalp EEG underlying bicycling in PD patients. The main part of the setup is a bike simulator consisting of a classic Dutch-style bicycle frame mounted on a commercially available ergometer. The pedal resistance is controllable in real-time by custom software and the pedal position is continuously tracked by custom Arduino-based electronics using optical and magnetic sensors. A portable bioamplifier records the pedal position signal, the angle of the knee, and the foot pressure together with EEG, EMG, and basal ganglia LFPs. A handlebar-mounted display provides additional information for patients riding the bike simulator, including the current and target pedaling rate. In order to demonstrate the utility of the setup, example data from pilot recordings are shown. The presented experimental setup provides means to directly record basal ganglia activity not only during cycling but also during other movement tasks in patients who have undergone DBS treatment. Thus, it can facilitate studies comparing bicycling and walking, to elucidate why PD patients often retain the ability to bicycle despite severe freezing of gait. Moreover it can help clarifying the mechanism through which cycling may have therapeutic benefits.

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“…; Storzer et al. ; Winslow et al. ), 2) greatly reduced following lesion of the corticospinal tract (Hansen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased central common drive to ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles during visually guided gait

Jensen

Terkildsen

et al. 2018

Physiol Rep

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When we walk in a challenging environment, we use visual information to modify our gait and place our feet carefully on the ground. Here, we explored how central common drive to ankle muscles changes in relation to visually guided foot placement. Sixteen healthy adults aged 23 ± 5 years participated in the study. Electromyography (EMG) from the Soleus (Sol), medial Gastrocnemius (MG), and the distal and proximal ends of the Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles and electroencephalography (EEG) from Cz were recorded while subjects walked on a motorized treadmill. A visually guided walking task, where subjects received visual feedback of their foot placement on a screen in real‐time and were required to place their feet within narrow preset target areas, was compared to normal walking. There was a significant increase in the central common drive estimated by TA‐TA and Sol‐MG EMG‐EMG coherence in beta and gamma frequencies during the visually guided walking compared to normal walking. EEG‐TA EMG coherence also increased, but the group average did not reach statistical significance. The results indicate that the corticospinal tract is involved in modifying gait when visually guided placement of the foot is required. These findings are important for our basic understanding of the central control of human bipedal gait and for the design of rehabilitation interventions for gait function following central motor lesions.

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Bicycling and Walking are Associated with Different Cortical Oscillatory Dynamics

Cited by 69 publications

References 71 publications

Dynamic Increase in Corticomuscular Coherence during Bilateral, Cyclical Ankle Movements

Dynamic Increase in Corticomuscular Coherence during Bilateral, Cyclical Ankle Movements

BrainCycles: Experimental Setup for the Combined Measurement of Cortical and Subcortical Activity in Parkinson's Disease Patients during Cycling

Increased central common drive to ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles during visually guided gait

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