Bias in case - Control studies: Can it be avoided?

Abstract

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. Justificativa e Objetivos: Embora os estudos de caso-controle tenham inúmeras vantagens, eles são vulneráveis a vieses que podem mascarar os verdadeiros resultados do estudo e, portanto, devem ser interpretados com cautela. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar criticamente esta abordagem, através de uma revisão da literatura, os erros que podem afetar este tipo de desenho de estudo e as possíveis estratégias para superar esses erros. Resultados e Discussão: Os erros mais conhecidos, presentes no delineamento de estudos caso-controle, foram os relacionados com a seleção e medição. Conclusão: No entanto, embora este tipo de estudo esteja sujeito a possíveis erros, as medidas preventivas postas em prática durante o planejamento de estudos caso-controle e até mesmo durante e após a sua execução podem ajudar a garantir o rigor científico. Esta revisão da literatura pode servir como um instrumento importante para o desenvolvimento e interpretação de estudos de caso-controle. Background and Objectives:Although case-control studies have many advantages, they are vulnerable to biases that can mask the true results of the study and, therefore, should be interpreted with caution. The aim of this article is to critically perform an assessment, through a literature review, of the errors that can affect this type of study design and possible strategies to overcome these errors. Results and Discussion: The best known errors found in the case-control study design are those related to selection and measurements. Conclusion: However, although this type of study is subject to possible errors, preventive measures implemented during the planning of case-control studies and even during and after their employment can help ensure scientific rigor. This literature review can be used as an important tool for the development and interpretation of case-control studies. RESUMO ABSTRACTRecebido em:

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