Beyond Heart Rate Variability

Thayer, Julian F.; Sternberg, Esther M.

doi:10.1196/annals.1366.014

Cited by 599 publications

(524 citation statements)

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“…Behavioral-associated (e.g. emotion) input from the amygdala to the hypothalamus is transmitted via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway (Parent 1996) and translates affect into sympathetic and/or parasympathetic response (Thayer et al 2006). In addition, fMRI signal in several cortical areas was also either positively or negatively correlated with HF power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain correlates of autonomic modulation: Combining heart rate variability with fMRI

Napadow¹,

Dhond²,

Conti³

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

302

229

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The central autonomic network (CAN) has been described in animal models but has been difficult to elucidate in humans. Potential confounds include physiological noise artifacts affecting brainstem neuroimaging data, and difficulty in deriving non-invasive continuous assessments of autonomic modulation. We have developed and implemented a new method which relates cardiac-gated fMRI timeseries with continuous-time heart rate variability (HRV) to estimate central autonomic processing. As many autonomic structures of interest are in brain regions strongly affected by cardiogenic pulsatility, we chose to cardiac-gate our fMRI acquisition to increase sensitivity. Cardiac-gating introduces T1-variability, which was corrected by transforming fMRI data to a fixed TR using a previously published method (Guimaraes et al. 1998). The electrocardiogram was analyzed with a novel point process adaptive-filter algorithm for computation of the high-frequency (HF) index, reflecting the time-varying dynamics of efferent cardiovagal modulation. Central command of cardiovagal outflow was inferred by using the HF timeseries resampled at as a regressor to the fMRI data. A grip task was used to perturb the autonomic nervous system. Our combined HRV-fMRI approach demonstrated HF correlation with fMRI activity in the hypothalamus, cerebellum, parabrachial nucleus/locus ceruleus, periaqueductal gray, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior insular, and middle temporal cortices. While some regions consistent with central cardiovagal control in animal models gave corroborative evidence for our methodology, other mostly higher cortical or limbic-related brain regions may be unique to humans. Our approach should be optimized and applied to study the human brain correlates of autonomic modulation for various stimuli in both physiological and pathological states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain correlates of autonomic modulation: Combining heart rate variability with fMRI

Napadow¹,

Dhond²,

Conti³

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

302

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This resistance to glucocorticoids is in turn associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection and greater risk for developing a cold following a viral challenge (33). Additionally, it is possible that experiences such as PLANS may modulate the regulation of autonomic nervous system processes, resulting in exaggerated sympathetic versus parasympathetic effects on the system, which in turn are associated with increased inflammation and morbidity (46). This study has several strengths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring of parents who were separated and not speaking to one another have reduced resistance to the common cold as adults

Murphy

Cohen

Janicki-Deverts

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Exposure to parental separation or divorce during childhood has been associated with an increased risk for physical morbidity during adulthood. Here we tested the hypothesis that this association is primarily attributable to separated parents who do not communicate with each other. We also examined whether early exposure to separated parents in conflict is associated with greater viral-induced inflammatory response in adulthood and in turn with increased susceptibility to viral-induced upper respiratory disease. After assessment of their parents' relationship during their childhood, 201 healthy volunteers, age 18-55 y, were quarantined, experimentally exposed to a virus that causes a common cold, and monitored for 5 d for the development of a respiratory illness. Monitoring included daily assessments of viral-specific infection, objective markers of illness, and local production of proinflammatory cytokines. Adults whose parents lived apart and never spoke during their childhood were more than three times as likely to develop a cold when exposed to the upper respiratory virus than adults from intact families. Conversely, individuals whose parents were separated but communicated with each other showed no increase in risk compared with those from intact families. These differences persisted in analyses adjusted for potentially confounding variables (demographics, current socioeconomic status, body mass index, season, baseline immunity to the challenge virus, affectivity, and childhood socioeconomic status). Mediation analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that greater susceptibility to respiratory infectious illness among the offspring of noncommunicating parents was attributable to a greater local proinflammatory response to infection.parental divorce | childhood adversity | adult health | cold susceptibility | inflammation

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“…Since then, reduced HRV, reflective of the inability or attenuation of the autonomic regulatory capacity to support flexible adjustments in response to the environment [40], has been implicated in a number of pediatric cardiac (e.g., arrhythmias, heart disease) [39] and non-cardiac pathologies (e.g., obesity; 6-7). Growing evidence suggests that cortico-subcortical networks which regulate autonomic balance, as indicated by low HRV, may structurally and functionally link psychological processes (e.g., negative affective states) with adverse health conditions, including immune dysfunction, emotional dysregulation, as well as poor use of cognitive resources [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a Population-Based Sample of 10-Year-Old Children

et al. 2014

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Abstractand heart rate, are presented. Greater heart rate (β avg = −0.60, ), pubertal maturation (β avg = −0.11, ), later ECG recording times (β avg = −0.19, ), and higher diastolic blood pressure (β avg = −0.11, ) were significantly associated with reduced HRV in 10-year-old children. The normative HRV values permit clinicians to monitor, describe, and establish pediatric nosologies in primary care and research settings, which may improve treatment of diseases associated with HRV in children. By better understanding existing values, the practical applicability of HRV among clinicians will be enhanced. Lastly, developmental (e.g., puberty) and procedural (e.g., recording time) factors were identified that will improve recording procedures and interpretation of results.

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Beyond Heart Rate Variability

Cited by 599 publications

References 50 publications

Brain correlates of autonomic modulation: Combining heart rate variability with fMRI

Brain correlates of autonomic modulation: Combining heart rate variability with fMRI

Offspring of parents who were separated and not speaking to one another have reduced resistance to the common cold as adults

Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a Population-Based Sample of 10-Year-Old Children

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