Abstract:Betaine is a non-essential amino acid with proven functional properties and underutilized potential. The most common dietary sources of betaine are beets, spinach, and whole grains. Whole grains—such as quinoa, wheat and oat brans, brown rice, barley, etc.—are generally considered rich sources of betaine. This valuable compound has gained popularity as an ingredient in novel and functional foods due to the demonstrated health benefits that it may provide. This review study will provide an overview of the vario… Show more
“…Isoleucine and D-(+)-proline are used as dietary supplements to promote the growth of small intestines and skeletal muscles or to reduce excess body fat ( Wu, 2013 ). In addition, betaine has anti-fatty liver, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological effects ( Dobrijević et al, 2023 ). Fig.…”
“…Isoleucine and D-(+)-proline are used as dietary supplements to promote the growth of small intestines and skeletal muscles or to reduce excess body fat ( Wu, 2013 ). In addition, betaine has anti-fatty liver, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological effects ( Dobrijević et al, 2023 ). Fig.…”
“…Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is a naturally occurring compound. It is derived from glycine by adding three methyl groups (Dobrijević et al 2023). One of its primary functions is to modulate the levels of homocysteine in the bloodstream (McRae 2013).…”
Peronema canescens, Jack commonly known as "sungkai," has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine for various health conditions. This study aimed to explore the bioactive compound of the P. canescens leaves hydroethanolic extract, along with assessing its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized for phytochemical analysis of the hydroethanolic extracts, while antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH radical scavenging method. Quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content was achieved via colorimetric analysis. Furthermore, the DNA protection activity was assessed using plasmid pBR322 subjected to free radical treatment. The primary bioactive compounds identified in the P. canescens hydroethanolic extracts belonged to the alkaloid and flavonoid groups. The antioxidant activity of P.canescens leaves hydroethanolic extracts showed an IC50 value of 0.02±0.00 µg/mL. Additionally, the total flavonoid and phenolic content were measured at 33,769±3,626 µg QE/mL and 638,924±6,683 µg GAE/mL, respectively. Notably, P.canescens exhibited significant potential in mitigating DNA damage. In conclusion, the P. canescens leaves hydroethanolic extracts demonstrate promising attributes as a herbal medicine, highlighting notable antioxidant and antimutagenic effects.
“…In addition, betaine is endogenously synthesized by the metabolism of choline in the liver and kidney [3]. Betaine is mainly absorbed in the small intestine, and widely distributed via amino acid transport systems, where it is later utilized in metabolic pathways and not excreted [4]. Betaine acts as an osmotic regulator in most tissues, helping to maintain intracellular osmotic pressure and protecting cells, proteins, and enzymes from environmental stressors [5].…”
Background: Betaine, an osmolyte derivative of the metabolite choline and the amino acid glycine, acts as a methyl donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and is involved in the maintenance of adequate lipid metabolism. There is growing evidence for the role of betaine in the development of various lipid-related diseases, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to analyze associations between betaine intake and blood lipid profiles in Mexican subjects. Methods: A total of 212 adults were randomly recruited in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Betaine intake was estimated using Nutritionist Pro software. Body composition and metabolic measurements were obtained by conventional methods. In the total sample, the average intake of betaine was 14.32 mg/d. Individuals were categorized into three groups according to tertiles of betaine consumption: tertile/group 1 (<4.16 mg/d), tertile/group 2 (4.16–12.02 mg/d), and tertile/group 3 (>12.02 mg/d). Results: Compared to group 3, subjects within group 1 had higher serum levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.001), LDL-c (p = 0.026), and non-HDL-c (p = 0.021). In addition, significant negative Pearson correlations were found between betaine intake and the serum levels of total cholesterol (r = −0.432, 95% CI, −0.684, −0.185, p = 0.001), LDL-c (r = −0.370, 95% CI, −0.606, −0.134, p = 0.002), and non-HDL-c (r = −0.351, 95%CI, −0.604, −0.098, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Our results show that a low intake of betaine is associated with elevated blood cholesterol levels in Mexican subjects. On this basis, betaine consumption could be used as an additional dietary measure for cardiovascular care. However, additional studies are required to confirm our results in other Mexican regions as well as in other populations worldwide.
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