Best available techniques in the fertilizer production industry: A Review

Abstract

Treatment and disposal of emission gases used for fertilizer production are among the most pressing issues in the modern fertilizer industries. Associations such as the European Manufacturer Association are developing new techniques, i.e., best available techniques, to resolve such problems. Best available techniques have been developed by the European Manufacturer Association to standardize the solutions to common problems encountered in the fertilizer industry, such as optimization of pH, pressure, temperature, nitrogen content, and fertilizer particle size. The best available techniques aim at minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in the fertilizer industry as well as wastewater treatment and waste management. The high operation and investment costs in the fertilizer industry have prompted manufacturers to consider the application of the best available techniques.

Effects of novel additives for zinc-nickel alloy plating

“…Thus, they increase the corrosion resistance of the metal. However, it has been reported that a high flow density of complex substances can also be effective [30][31][32].…”

Limitation of Ammonia Exposure among Workers in Fertilizers Industry Using Modern Modified Technology Towards Sustainability

“…Nitrogenous fertilizer industry faces an occupational and environmental health impact challenge that workers may expose to NH 3 gas in the production process. Implementation of cleaner technologies and best available techniques in the modern nitrogenous fertilizer industries minimize occupational exposure to NH 3 gas and led to reduce Occupational hazards and consequently the environmental impact (Gezerman and Çorbacıoğlu 2016).…”

Toward Net-Zero Emission Fertilizers Industry: Greenhouse Gas Emission Analyses and Decarbonization Solutions

“…N 2 O emissions may be significantly decreased by utilizing emission abatement technologies, such as nonselective catalytic reduction (NSCR) . For example, a range of 0.12–1.85 kg N 2 O/t HNO 3 emissions were estimated for contemporary nitric acid plants. , Similarly, N 2 O emissions from nitric acid plants in the United States have dropped by 18% since 1990 (from 41 kt N 2 O or 12.1 MMT CO 2 -eq in 1990 to 34 kt N 2 O or 10.0 MMT CO 2 -eq in 2019), although output has grown by 12% over the same period . However, most of the nitric acid plants in the world do not use NSCR technology.…”