Berberine induces resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco

Abstract

BACKGROUND Plant systemic resistance induced by botanical compounds is a promising alternative method of disease management. The natural product berberine, usually used as an antimicrobial in medicine, has been proven to have antifungal activity in agriculture. To investigate the induced resistance imparted by berberine, the effect of berberine against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and the mechanism governing this effect were determined. RESULT Berberine exhibited considerable in vivo anti‐TMV activity of up to 68.3% but had no in vitro direct effect on TMV. Moreover, berberine could induce immune responses against TMV in tobacco, including the hypersensitive reaction (HR), accumulation of H2O2, increases in defense enzymes and overexpression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins. In addition, upregulation of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis genes PAL, CM1, ICS, PBS3 and the enzyme benzoic acid 2‐hydroxylase (BA2H) confirmed that SA was involved in the defensive signals. Berberine can induce crop resistance against TMV, Phytophthora nicotianae, Botrytis cinerea and Blumeria graminis in the greenhouse. CONCLUSION This paper highlights the use of berberine in manipulating tobacco to generate defense responses against TMV, which can be attributed to SA‐mediated induced resistance. The paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of berberine as a resistance activator and for further research on induced resistance by botanical natural product. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Design, Synthesis, Antiviral Bioactivity, and Mechanism of the Ferulic Acid Ester-Containing Sulfonamide Moiety

“… 1 , 2 It has caused huge economic losses to tobacco, pepper, cucumber, and other ornamentals and flowers all over the world. 3 Moreover, they can use the internal mechanism of the host and you can first spread it, or they can spread it through biological means, such as spreading through aphids. 4 Although traditional chemicals can inhibit TMV within a certain range, they cannot effectively eliminate the virus and are not environmentally friendly.…”

Anti‐TMV activity and mode of action of three alkaloids isolated from Chelidonium majus

“…They are thought to have the ability to increase plant resistance. 23 Moreover, the plant immune system is conferred broad-spectrum resistance to diverse pathogens and even pests, because the inducer is not specifically a target invader. 42 Thus, the using of natural products to induce plant resistance to prevent diseases and pests is an environmentally friendly strategy to reduce the use of chemical pesticides.…”

“…Theoretically, the role of plant secondary metabolites is to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses in the environment. They are thought to have the ability to increase plant resistance 23 . Moreover, the plant immune system is conferred broad‐spectrum resistance to diverse pathogens and even pests, because the inducer is not specifically a target invader 42 .…”

“…Then, the adsorption of virus supernatant (10 μL), the conjugation of HRP (horseradish peroxidase), the color reaction were sequentially incubated on the ELISA plate that had been embedded with the purified TMV antibody. Finally, the inhibition rate on TMV was calculated according to a previous report 23 …”

“…Finally, the inhibition rate on TMV was calculated according to a previous report. 23 2.6 Induced resistance against TMV of three compounds 2.6.1 In N. glutinosa Chelidonine, chelerythrine and sanguinarine solutions (0.1 mg mL −1 ) were sprayed on the lower three leaves of N. glutinosa, and the top three leaves were inoculated with TMV (10 μg mL −1 ) after 24 h. The results were calculated after 3 days using Eqn (1).…”