Benthic chamber and profiling landers in oceanography — A review of design, technical solutions and functioning

Tengberg, Anders; Bovée, F. De; Hall, Per; Berelson, W.; Chadwick, D. B.; Ciceri, G.; Crassous, Philippe; Devol, Allan H.; Emerson, Steven; Gage, John; Glud, Ronnie N.; Graziottini, F.; Gundersen, Jens Kristïan; Hammond, Douglas; Helder, W.; Hinga, Kenneth R.; Holby, Ola; Jahnke, Richard A.; Khripounoff, Alexis; Lieberman, Stephen H.; Nuppenau, Volker; Pfannkuche, Olaf; Reimers, Clare E.; Rowe, Gilbert T.; Sahami, A.; Sayles, Fred; Schurter, M.; Smallman, D.; Wehrli, Bernhard; Wilde, Peter

doi:10.1016/0079-6611(95)00009-6

Cited by 161 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…While respiration rates for abyssal waters are usually based on indirect methods and depend on empirical relations and model parameterizations, this is not the case for sediment respiration. Sediment respiration is usually based on sediment oxygen consumption, because these can be measured directly and in situ by incubation with autonomous benthic landers (Tengberg et al 1995). Moreover, a simple reaction-diffusion model combined with in situ microelectrode data can be used to derive oxygen fluxes in deep-sea sediments (Reimers et al 2001).…”

Section: Benthic Respiration In the Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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OutlineIn this chapter the mechanisms of transport and remineralization of organic matter in the dark water-column and sediments of the oceans are reviewed. We compare the different approaches to estimate respiration rates, and discuss the discrepancies obtained by the different methodologies. Finally, a respiratory carbon budget is produced for the dark ocean, which includes vertical and lateral fluxes of organic matter. In spite of the uncertainties inherent in the different approaches to estimate carbon fluxes and oxygen consumption in the dark ocean, estimates vary only by a factor of 1.5. Overall, direct measurements of respiration, as well as indirect approaches, converge to suggest a total dark ocean respiration of 1.5-1.7 Pmol C a −1 . Carbon mass balances in the dark ocean suggest that the dark ocean receives 1.5-1.6 Pmol C a −1 , similar to the estimated respiration, of which >70% is in the form of sinking particles. Almost all the organic matter (∼92%) is remineralized in the water column, the burial in sediments accounts for <1%. Mesopelagic (150-1000 m) respiration accounts for ∼70% of dark ocean respiration, with average integrated rates of 3-4 mol C m −2 a −1 , 6-8 times greater than in the bathypelagic zone (∼0.5 mol C m −2 a −1 ). The results presented here renders respiration in the dark ocean a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere, and should promote research in the dark ocean, with the aim of better constraining the role of the biological pump in the removal and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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Section: Benthic Respiration In the Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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“…The benthic lander contains two stainless steel flux chambers that cover sediment areas of 400 cm 2 and enclose about 3-6 l of water (Tengberg et al, 1995;Mengis et al, 1996). The device was lowered to the bottom, tethered to a free-floating buoy, and was retrieved after 24 hr.…”

Section: Flux Chamber Deploymentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic Nutrient Cycling and Diagenetic Pathways in the North-western Black Sea

Friedrich

Dinkel

Friedl

et al. 2002

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Benthic fluxes of nutrients and metals were measured in the coastal zone of the north-western Black Sea, which is influenced by the Danube and Dniestr rivers. The results from the benthic flux chambers deployed during two EROS 21 cruises in summer 1995 and in spring 1997 yield information on benthic nutrient cycling and diagenetic pathways at the sediment-water interface. This information is discussed in the light of benthic activity as well as pore-water data. The benthic recycling of nutrients varied seasonally due to the availability of oxygen and organic material, and spatially due to river influence. Areas of high benthic fluxes near-shore and of low benthic fluxes offshore on the shelf were distinguished. Nutrients and suspended particulate matter discharged by the Danube is kept nearshore by the coastal current. The oxygen concentrations in the bottom water varied strongly between the two seasons. In summer, the bottom water at the near-shore stations turned anoxic. In spring, the higher oxygen concentrations are related to more intense mixing of the water column due to stormy periods and high river discharge. Highest oxygen concentrations were found on the offshore continental shelf. However, the benthic oxygen consumption rates in spring (13-23 mmol m 2 day 1 ) were as high as in summer. Areas with highest nutrient concentrations in the overlaying bottom water were found at the Danube delta front and Danube prodelta. On the Danube delta front and the Dniestr mouth, ammonia fluxes were lower in spring (1·1-1·7 mmol m 2 day 1 ) than in the summer (2·6-4·4 mmol m 2 day 1 ) due to higher nitrification rates and the lower influx of organic matter. In spring, the concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese in the bottom water were one order of magnitude lower than during the summer. This decrease in flux rates is related to the higher oxygen concentrations in the bottom water in spring. A rough comparison of the river's nutrient load and the benthic recycling over a certain area showed that the near-shore benthic phosphate and silica recycling account for 50% and 35% of the Danube input in summer, respectively. The fluxes of ammonia from benthic recycling and from the Danube discharge were at the same order of magnitude in both seasons. Nitrogen is introduced by the rivers mostly as nitrate. Benthic recycling is the dominant source of ammonia. The Danube input is phosphate deficient. In brief, benthic nutrient recycling is an important factor in sustaining high productivity of the system.

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“…Chamber design was similar to that used on the Elinorbenthic lander (Glud et al 1995(Glud et al , 1996. The transparent polycarbonate chamber had a 30 X 30 cm square cross-section with rounded corners (Flg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rutgers van der Loeff et al 1984, Anderson et al 1986, Barbanti et al 1992. Chambers are also now frequently incorporated into the design of autonomous landing vehicles (Tengberg et al 1995) and have been used in a number of deep-sea studies (e.g. Berelson & Hammond 1986, Jahnke & Christiansen 1989, Aller et al 1998.…”

Section: Benthic Flux Chambers Have Become Important Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A field test of the effects of megafaunal burrows on benthic chamber measurements of sediment-water solute fluxes

Hughes¹,

Atkinson²,

Ansell³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A field test of the effects of megafaunal burrows on benthic chamber measurements of sediment-water solute fluxes 'Centre for Coastal and Marine Sciences, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory. PO Box 3, Oban, Argyll PA34 4AD, Scotland, UK 'University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae KA28 OEG. Scotland. UK ABSTRACT: Benthic chambers are widely used in biogeochemical studies of marine sediments, but it is not known whether sediment-water solute fluxes recorded using such apparatus will be affected by the presence of a megafaunal burrow opening in the enclosed area of sea floor. We investigated this question in a shallow sea loch using simple benthic chambers deployed by divers over 2 contrasting burrow types, those of the mud-shrimp Callianassa subterranea and of the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri. Fluxes of dissolved oxygen, manganese (11) and nutrients were measured over an 18 to 25 h incubation period and compared with those recorded over nearby sediment lacking megafaunal burrow openings. Chambers enclosing C. subterranea burrows recorded a significantly higher efflux of phosphate than controls, and efflux of ammonium was also consistently (though non-signdicantly) greater over burrows. C. subterranea burrows had no detectable effect on any other measured flux. Chambers enclosing M. lankesten burrow openings dffered from controls only in showing a significantly higher efflux of nitrate. This nitrate effect was particularly marked over M. lankesten ejecta mounds, suggesting that these features may be localized sites of enhanced nitrification. Ranges of variation were high for all measured parameters, indicating that at this site, data from a single chamber incubation would be unlikely to unambiguously signify the presence of an identifiable megafaunal burrow opening. Spatial heterogeneity in solute flux rates illustrates the need to maximize replication in field studies using benthic chambers.

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Benthic chamber and profiling landers in oceanography — A review of design, technical solutions and functioning

Cited by 161 publications

References 69 publications

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Benthic Nutrient Cycling and Diagenetic Pathways in the North-western Black Sea

A field test of the effects of megafaunal burrows on benthic chamber measurements of sediment-water solute fluxes

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