Benefits of Cultural Exposure and Development of Korean Perspective-Taking Ability for Transracially Adopted Korean Children.

Lee, David C; Quintana, Stephen M.

doi:10.1037/1099-9809.11.2.130

Cited by 85 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Research suggests that same-race and transracially adopted children begin to become aware of racial differences, as well as their adoptive status, as early as 4-5 years of age (Brodzinsky, Singer, & Braff, 1984;Huh & Reid, 2000). As transracial adoptees grow older, Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Richard M. Lee Lee & Quintana, 2005). At the same time, they may begin to experience feelings of loss of birth culture and family history and the growing awareness of racism and discrimination in their everyday lives (Meier, 1999;Powell & Affi, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cultural socialization in families with internationally adopted children.

Lee¹,

Grotevant²,

Hellerstedt³

et al. 2006

Journal of Family Psychology

155

195

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Cultural socialization attitudes, beliefs, and parenting behaviors were examined in families with internationally adopted children. The authors hypothesized that parents with lower color-blind racial attitudes would be more likely to engage in enculturation and racialization parenting behaviors because they hold stronger beliefs in the value and importance of cultural socialization. Using data from the Minnesota International Adoption Project, the results support this mediation model of cultural socialization. Individual variations in cultural socialization also are discussed in terms of child development and shifting adoption attitudes and practices.Keywords cultural socialization; international adoption; parenting; racial attitudes; transracial International adoption is becoming an increasingly popular means to form a family in the United States. Since 1971, over 330,000 children have been adopted from other countries, and there has been a threefold increase in the annual rate of international adoption, from 7,093 children in 1990 to 22,884 children in 2004 (U.S. Department of State, 2005). The increase in international adoption is attributed to war, poverty, and the lack of social welfare in sending countries and, in the United States, to increased infertility rates, perceived difficulties associated with domestic adoption, preference to adopt infants rather than older children, and a disinclination toward foster care adoption (R. M. Lee, 2003). Today, children-mostly infants and toddlers-are adopted annually from over 100 countries, with approximately 90% of children adopted from just 20 countries and the majority from China, Russia, South Korea, and Guatemala.International adoption also reflects a larger, growing trend toward multiracial and multiethnic families, who face unique challenges in the upbringing of children of different ethnic and racial heritages. Research suggests that same-race and transracially adopted children begin to become aware of racial differences, as well as their adoptive status, as early as 4-5 years of age (Brodzinsky, Singer, & Braff, 1984;Huh & Reid, 2000). As transracial adoptees grow older, Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Richard M. Lee Lee & Quintana, 2005). At the same time, they may begin to experience feelings of loss of birth culture and family history and the growing awareness of racism and discrimination in their everyday lives (Meier, 1999;Powell & Affi, 2005). This feeling of loss, in turn, has been found to be associated with greater depressive symptoms and lower self-worth among domestically and internationally adopted preadolescents (Smith & Brodzinsky, 2002). Similarly, Cederblad, Höök, Irhammer, and Mercke (1999) reported that uncertainty about one's ethnic identity and perceived discrimination are related to greater psychological distress and lower self-esteem among international adoptees. Adoptive parents, most of whom are White and of European descent, likewise are confronted with decisions about when and how to appropri...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…they develop a more coherent understanding of what it means to look physically different from their parents (D. C. Lee & Quintana, 2005). At the same time, they may begin to experience feelings of loss of birth culture and family history and the growing awareness of racism and discrimination in their everyday lives (Meier, 1999;Powell & Affi, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural socialization in families with internationally adopted children.

Lee¹,

Grotevant²,

Hellerstedt³

et al. 2006

Journal of Family Psychology

155

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, D. C. Lee and Quintana (2005), in their sample of Korean adoptees in tbe United States, showed tbat BCS predicted adoptee's awareness of perspectives, attitudes, and experiences shared by Koreans. Cultural exposure bad a slightly stronger relation for younger adoptees than older ones.…”

Section: Adoption Culture Race and Icamentioning

confidence: 95%

Race and bicultural socialization in the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States of America in the adoptions of children from India.

Riley-Behringer¹,

Groza²,

Tieman³

et al. 2014

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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A cross-national sample of 622 internationally adopted children from India with White parents in The Netherlands (n = 409), Norway (n = 146), and the United States (n = 67) was used to contrast country-specific bicultural socialization (BCS) practices among families of transracial intercountry adoption. The 3 countries vary in their degrees of minority (US > Netherlands > Norway) and Indian populations (US > Norway > Netherlands). The current study examined parental survey trends among BCS practices, children's negative encounters about adoption, racial and positive discrimination, and parental worry about these issues. Country-specific differences were revealed: The United States and Norway (greatest Indian populations) reported the greatest similarity in BCS practices, classmates being a source of negative reactions/racial discrimination, and parental worry. The American sample encountered greater negative reactions to adoption from others; Dutch children experienced the least negative reactions from others overall, yet as in the United States (samples with the greatest minority heterogeneity) they still noted significant experiences of racial discrimination. Country-specific sociopolitical perceptions about adoption, ethnicity/race, and immigration are considered as factors that may have been used to inform parenting practices that facilitate children's biculturalism into family life (i.e., adoptive family stigma, percentages of Indian/minority populations, immigration policy trends). Concluding, cross-national research such as the current study may help intercountry adoption policymakers and practitioners to better understand and inform BCS practices in adoptive families.

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“…Furthermore, another study indicated that transracial, international adoptees who engaged in cultural socialization were less likely to have delinquent behaviors (Johnston, Swim, Saltsman, Deater-Deckard, & Petrill, 2007). Exposure to cultural activities also increased transracial adoptive children's developmental understanding of culture and race (Lee & Quintana, 2005). In addition, cultural socialization also allowed for a child to have the skills to function, at least at a modest level, in their country of origin or with people from their country of origin (Thomas & Tessler, 2007).…”

Section: Cultural Socialization and Racial Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of White Adoptive Parents' Cultural and Racial Socialization Behaviors With Their Asian Adopted Children

Berbery¹,

O’Brien²

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This study examined predictors of White adoptive parents' (N = 200) cultural and racial socialization behaviors with their Asian adopted children. Specifically, the study investigated White Racial Identity statuses, cultural and racial socialization beliefs, cultural socialization self-efficacy, and racial socialization self-efficacy as predictors of cultural and racial socialization behaviors. This study also tested a model which linked cultural and racial socialization beliefs to cultural and racial socialization behaviors through their respective types of self-efficacy. Findings revealed that parents' cultural and racial socialization beliefs were most important in predicting their socialization practices. There was not support for cultural socialization self-efficacy or racial socialization self-efficacy as moderators. PREDICTORS OF WHITE ADOPTIVE PARENTS' CULTURAL AND RACIAL SOCIALIZATION BEHAVIORS WITH THEIR ASIAN ADOPTED CHILDREN

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Benefits of Cultural Exposure and Development of Korean Perspective-Taking Ability for Transracially Adopted Korean Children.

Cited by 85 publications

References 35 publications

Cultural socialization in families with internationally adopted children.

Cultural socialization in families with internationally adopted children.

Race and bicultural socialization in the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States of America in the adoptions of children from India.

Predictors of White Adoptive Parents' Cultural and Racial Socialization Behaviors With Their Asian Adopted Children

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