Beneficial effects of Yerba Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on hyperlipidemia in high-fat-fed hamsters

Gao, Hong-Li; Long, Yuezhou; Jiang, Xinquan; Liu, Zhaochun; Wang, Decai; Zhao, Ying; Li, Dawei; Sun, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.03.008

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ilex has documented antioxidant properties (Boaventura et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2013b; Leonard et al, 2010) and increases NO bioavailability, while decreasing vasoconstrictors including endothelin and thromboxane B2 (Gao et al, 2013a), in both human and rat models (Muccillo Baisch et al, 1998; Schinella et al, 2005). However, the effects of topically applied ilex and possible interactions with menthol on cutaneous blood flow are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow

Craighead

Alexander

2016

Microvascular Research

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Menthol, the active ingredient in several topically applied analgesics, activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) receptors on sensory nerves and on the vasculature inducing a cooling sensation on the skin. Ilex paraguariensis is also a common ingredient in topical analgesics that has potential vasoactive properties and may alter the mechanisms of action of menthol. We sought to characterize the microvascular effects of topical menthol and ilex application and to determine the mechanism(s) through which these compounds may independently and combined alter cutaneous blood flow. We hypothesized that menthol would induce vasoconstriction and that ilex would not alter skin blood flow (SkBF). Three separate protocols were conducted to examine menthol and ilex-mediated changes in SkBF. In protocol 1, placebo, 4% menthol, 0.7% ilex, and combination menthol + ilex gels were applied separately to the skin and red cell flux was continuously measured utilizing laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). In protocol 2, seven concentrations of menthol gel (0.04%, 0.4%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 7%, 8%) were applied to the skin to model the dose-response curve. In protocol 3, placebo, menthol, ilex, and menthol + ilex gels were applied to skin under local thermal control (34°C) both with and without sensory nerve blockage (topical lidocaine 4%). Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and local heating (42°C) protocols were conducted to determine the relative contribution of endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs)/sensory nerves and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Red cell flux was normalized to mean arterial pressure expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC: flux•mmHg-1) in all protocols. Topical menthol application increased SkBF compared to placebo (3.41±0.33 v 1.1±0.19 CVC: p<0.001). During the dose-response, SkBF increased with increasing doses of menthol (main effect, p<0.05) with an ED50 of 1.0%. Similarly, SkBF was increased after menthol application during PORH (3.62±0.29 v 2.50±0.21 flux•mmHg-1; p<0.001), but not local heating (2.98±0.24 v 2.86±0.32 flux•mmHg-1; p=0.44). Concurrent sensory nerve inhibition attenuated menthol-mediated vasodilation at thermoneutral baseline (1.29±0.19 flux•mmHg-1; p<0.001) and during PORH (2.79±0.28 flux•mmHg-1; p<0.001), but not during local heating (3.45±0.21 flux•mmHg-1; p=0.1). Topically applied menthol, but not ilex, dose-dependently increases blood flow in the cutaneous microvasculature. This increase in blood flow is mediated, in-part by sensory nerves and EDHFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow

Craighead

Alexander

2016

Microvascular Research

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“…Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity prolongs exercise performance, and (15,16). The identification of natural antioxidants originating from plants has been an area of increased attention (17). Pharmacological drugs or therapies used for treating fatigue and hypoxia remain unsatisfactory to meet individual requirements effectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delaying the occurrence of fatigue and hypoxia, and promoting rapid recovery are current foci of medical investigations (7). The prevalence of potential alternative medicines derived from herbs have been increasing worldwide, which can be used not only for medicinal purposes, but also for food preservation, as dietary supplements or functional foods, and in cosmetics (17). Herba rhodiolae, a traditional Chinese herb, is commonly used by the Tibetan population for the treatment of hypoxia (19), which also leads to the enhancement of fatigue-associated movements and levels of key metabolites of glycolysis, including ATP (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the antifatigue and antihypoxic effects of Paecilomyces hepiali extract

Wang

Liu

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Paecilomyces hepiali, one of the most valuable and effective Chinese medicinal herbs, possesses potential antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the antifatigue and antihypoxic effects of Paecilomyces hepiali extract (PHC) in a mouse model. Using a rotating rod, forced swimming and running assessment, the antifatigue activity of PHC was determined. PHC administration for 7 days had no effect on mouse horizontal or vertical movement, indicating no neurotoxicity at the selected doses was observed. Using a normobaric hypoxia, sodium nitrite toxicosis and acute cerebral ischemia assessments, PHC was confirmed to possess antihypoxic effects. PHC treatment for 7 days significantly enhanced the serum and liver levels of adenosine triphosphate, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, prior to and following 60 min of swimming. The levels of antioxidant-associated proteins in the livers of the mice were analyzed using western blotting. PHC effectively increased the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-protein kinase B (AKT) and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The results of the present study demonstrated that PHC efficiently enhanced endurance from fatigue and had antihypoxic effects through elevation of the antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver, at least in part through the AMPK and AKT/mTOR pathways. These results indicate the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue, hypoxia and their associated diseases.

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“…It is sold in many countries, aside from South America and the United States, as tea products and food supplements, and no side effects have been reported after its ingestion. 18,19 No reports of toxicity or side effects were found while searching the safety databases for data regarding the safety of 'Maté'…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Maté Extract on Body Weight and Fat Reduction in Obese Women: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

Jung

Hur

2016

KJO

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Background: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Maté extract on body weight and fat content in obese women [25.0 kg/m 2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m 2 ] aged 20-65 years after 6 weeks of its administration. Methods: The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 33 women. Participants took the supplement, either 2 Maté tablets or 2 placebo tablets, twice daily before meals for 6 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and various safety parameters were monitored. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: Average body weight and BMI did not show any significant changes; however, trunk fat percentage significantly decreased in the Maté group compared to that in the placebo group (-1.24% vs -0.16%, P= 0.03). In the Maté group, the body fat percentages showed a tendency to decrease. All safety parameters were within normal ranges in both groups. Two participants, one from each group, reported nausea during the study. Conclusion: Maté extract significantly reduced trunk fat in obese women after 6 weeks, which indicates that it could improve abdominal fat mass. Furthermore, the supplement is safe and well tolerated.

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Beneficial effects of Yerba Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on hyperlipidemia in high-fat-fed hamsters

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow

Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow

Investigations on the antifatigue and antihypoxic effects of Paecilomyces hepiali extract

The Effect of Maté Extract on Body Weight and Fat Reduction in Obese Women: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

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