Beneficial effects of Se/Zn co‐supplementation on body weight and adipose tissue inflammation in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats

Okunola

2023

Preprint

Background: Increasing incidence of cancers and cancer chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities makes it imperative to research compounds with neuroprotective potential that can do not impede therapy. Objective: To examine the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on methotrexate-induced changes in neurobehaviour and neurochemistry and hippocampal morphology in rats. Methods: Adult male rats were assigned into five groups of twelve animals each. Group were normal control and methotrexate control fed standard rodent chow and three groups of rats fed zinc supplemented diet at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of feed respectively. Standard and zinc supplemented diet were administered daily for 21 days. Animals in the normal control were administered intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of normal saline at 2ml/kg, while those in the methotrexate and zinc groups were administered i.p methotrexate at 20 mg/kg/day on days 19-21. On day 22, animals were exposed to behavioural paradigm (open field, Y-maze, radial arm maze, elevated plus maze and behavioural despair test). After the last behavioural test, animals were sacrificed and blood taken for the assessment of Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 10), malondialdehyde levels and total antioxidant capacity. The hippocampus was either homogenised for the assessment of dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and brain derived neurotropic factor levels or processed for histological study. Results: Dietary zinc protected against methotrexate-induced changes in weight, food intake, cognition, hippocampal histomorphology and neuron specific enolase immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Dietary zinc supplementation protects against methotrexate induced neurotoxicities by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory markers brain neurotransmitters and metabolism in rats.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary zinc protects against methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal energy metabolism

Okunola

2023

Preprint

“…Thus, increasing Se serum levels to 90.61 mg/L at the end of the intervention may indicate an improved selenoenzyme antioxidant activity in the group that received the Zn/Se co-administration. Some interesting findings by Hasani et al [82] are that the rats who received the highfat diet plus Zn significantly increased their Se serum levels and that a positive correlation was detected between Zn and Se serum levels. Furthermore, the co-supplementation of Se and Zn increased both Zn and Se serum levels [82].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…When discussing the effects of Zn and Se supplements on RMR, the two micronutrients’ role on oxidative stress management should also be addressed due to the effect of oxidative stress on mitochondrial dysfunction. Hasani et al [ 82 ] examined the effects of Zn and Se co-supplementation in diet-induced obese rats. Thirty-two obese rats were divided into four groups and received either a high-fat diet alone or a combination of high-fat diet plus Zn, Se, or Se/Zn co-supplementation for eight weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Co-Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate, Thyroid Function, Physical Fitness, and Functional Capacity in Overweight and Obese People under a Hypocaloric Diet: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2023

Evidence of the effectiveness of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and physical function parameters in people with overweight and obesity is scarce, while the effects of zinc and selenium on thyroid function and body composition are still a topic of debate and controversy. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial was to examine the effects of a hypocaloric diet and Se–Zn co-supplementation on RMR, thyroid function, body composition, physical fitness, and functional capacity in overweight or obese individuals. Twenty-eight overweight–obese participants (mean BMI: 29.4 ± 4.7) were randomly allocated (1:1) to the supplementation group (n = 14, 31.1 ± 5.5 yrs, 9 females) and the placebo group (n = 14, 32.1 ± 4.8 yrs, 6 females). The participants received Zn (25 mg of zinc gluconate/day) and Se (200 mcg of L-selenomethionine/day) or placebo tablets containing starch for eight weeks. The participants of both groups followed a hypocaloric diet during the intervention. RMR, thyroid function, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and functional capacity (sit-to-stand tests, timed up-and-go test, and handgrip strength) were assessed before and after the intervention. A significant interaction was found between supplementation and time on RMR (p = 0.045), with the intervention group’s RMR increasing from 1923 ± 440 to 2364 ± 410 kcal/day. On the other hand, no interaction between supplementation and time on the thyroid function was found (p > 0.05). Regarding the effects of Zn/Se co-administration on Se levels, a significant interaction between supplementation and time on Se levels was detected (p = 0.004). Specifically, the intervention group’s Se serum levels were increased from 83.04 ± 13.59 to 119.40 ± 23.93 μg/L. However, Zn serum levels did not change over time (90.61 ± 23.23 to 89.58 ± 10.61 umol/L). Even though all body composition outcomes improved in the intervention group more than placebo at the second measurement, no supplement × time interaction was detected on body composition (p > 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness did not change over the intervention. Yet, a main effect of time was found for some functional capacity tests, with both groups improving similarly over the eight-week intervention period (p < 0.05). In contrast, a supplement x group interaction was found in the performance of the timed up-and-go test (TUG) (p = 0.010), with the supplementation group improving more. In conclusion, an eight-week intervention with Zn/Se co-supplementation combined with a hypocaloric diet increased the RMR, TUG performance, and Se levels in overweight and obese people. However, thyroid function, Zn levels, body composition, and the remaining outcomes of exercise performance remained unchanged.

“…Notably, we confirmed that the positive correlation between Se and Zn in the reproducible group was not observed in the repeat breeder group. Zinc also functions as an antioxidant and has a synergistic antioxidant effect with Se [ 55 ]. Therefore, in the case of a disrupted correlation between Se and Zn in hair minerals, simultaneously supplementing Se and Zn in the herd is recommended to increase antioxidant levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral patterns in hair: A decisive factor between reproducible and repeat breeder dairy cows

Lim,

Lee,

Park

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

Reproduction, especially impregnation, is a critical aspect of dairy cow management that directly influences herd milk productivity. We conducted a noninvasive hair mineral assay to compare the mineral profiles of two dairy cow groups: reproducible and repeat breeder, by investigating the levels of 11 essential minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Se, and P) and 6 toxic elements (Hg, Pb, Cd, Al, As, and Ni) in both groups. We also conducted principal component and correlation matrix analyses to compare hair mineral patterns between the groups. Compared to their reproducible counterparts, repeat breeder cows had lower levels of Na, K, and Se. However, Fe, Cd, Al, and As levels were higher in repeat breeders than in their reproducible counterparts. The correlation matrix showed notable correlation patterns for each group. Ca, K, and Na levels were positively correlated in reproducible cows, whereas repeat breeder cows showed positive correlations only between Ca and K levels. Se showed positive correlations with Zn only in the reproducible cow group. Negative correlations were not found in the reproducible group, whereas the repeat breeder group exhibited 7 negative correlations. Despite the limitations of hair mineral analysis, this study provided useful insights into the reproductive potential of dairy cows. These findings aid in easing the prediction of repeat breeder occurrences in herds and are expected to facilitate timely mineral supplementation and other interventions to improve overall herd reproduction in dairy farms.