Bench approaches to study the detrimental cutaneous impact of tropospheric ozone

Petracca, Benedetta; Rothen‐Rutishauser, Barbara; Valacchi, Giuseppe; Eeman, Marc

doi:10.1038/s41370-020-00275-4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Eliminating adverse factors affecting pH value and improving skin pH value to maintain the best pH condition are the means to prevent some skin diseases (i.e., skin infection and contact dermatitis). [ 35 ] Therefore, correctly investigating the pH value of skin has guiding significance for better exploring the biological state of the body system and local area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LBL Noninvasively Peelable Biointerfacial Adhesives for Cutaneo‐Inspired pH/Tactility Artificial Receptors

Yuan

Yang

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Besides barrier functions, skin possesses multiple sentiences to external stimuli (e.g., temperature, force, and humidity) for human‐outside interaction. Thus, skincare should be taken very seriously, especially by patients with sensory disorders. However, currently available skin‐mimicking devices are always limited by so much insufficient response functions and nontunable interface behaviors so as not to realize precise health monitoring and self‐defense against injury. Herein, a bioinspired cutaneous receptor‐perceptual system (CRPS) patch is presented, integrating hybrid pH indicators and triboelectric nanogenerators into biointerface film‐adhesives that are fabricated through facile layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly of amide and Schiff‐base linkages between alginate grafted with N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester (AN), tannic acid (TA), and polyethylenimine (PEI). This CRPS patch is adhered robustly to the soft‐curved skin surface without failure via “molecular suturing,” and amino acid enables its benign peel‐on‐demand from tissue interfaces. Postdamage self‐healing brings it without surgical reoperation, avoiding extra cost, pain, as well as infection risks. Significantly, CRPS patches as artificial chemo/mechanoreceptors can remotely visualize skin physiological status by pH‐induced chromism using smartphones and prevent skin contact injury by tactility‐driven self‐powered electrical signals. Overall, the LBL‐based strategy to create controllably biointerface‐adhesive CRPS patches will usher in a new era of the mobihealth care platform supporting smart diagnosis and self‐protection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LBL Noninvasively Peelable Biointerfacial Adhesives for Cutaneo‐Inspired pH/Tactility Artificial Receptors

Yuan

Yang

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Extrinsic factors (environmental influences, nutrition, and lifestyle) have been shown to play a key role in skin senescence by promoting telomere shortening, mitochondrial impairment as well as DNA damage [65]. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as the ozone (O 3 ) [86], particulate matter (PM) [87], sunlight (UVB and UVA) [88], diesel engine exhaust (DEE), as well as some lifestyle factors (diet, smoking, and physical activity) [65] have direct implications towards skin health and senescence [89]. However, it can sometimes be difficult to separate intrinsic and extrinsic causes when it comes to skin cell aging and senescence, as it is impossible to rule out the environmental components that cause skin senescence.…”

Section: Contributors (Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Redox Senescence

Sarandy,

Gonçalves,

Valacchi

2024

Biomedicines

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Our current understanding of skin cell senescence involves the role of environmental stressors (UV, O3, cigarette smoke, particulate matter, etc.), lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.) as well as genetic factors (metabolic changes, hormonal, etc.). The common mechanism of action of these stressors is the disturbance of cellular redox balance characterized by increased free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and when these overload the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, it can lead to an oxidative stress cellular condition. The main redox mechanisms that activate cellular senescence in the skin involve (1) the oxidative damage of telomeres causing their shortening; (2) the oxidation of proteomes and DNA damage; (3) an a in lysosomal mass through the increased activity of resident enzymes such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) as well as other proteins that are products of lysosomal activity; (4) and the increased expression of SASP, in particular pro-inflammatory cytokines transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB. However, the main targets of ROS on the skin are the proteome (oxi-proteome), followed by telomeres, nucleic acids (DNAs), lipids, proteins, and cytoplasmic organelles. As a result, cell cycle arrest pathways, lipid peroxidation, increased lysosomal content and dysfunctional mitochondria, and SASP synthesis occur. Furthermore, oxidative stress in skin cells increases the activity of p16INK4A and p53 as inhibitors of Rb and CDks, which are important for maintaining the cell cycle. p53 also promotes the inactivation of mTOR-mediated autophagic and apoptotic pathways, leading to senescence. However, these markers alone cannot establish the state of cellular senescence, and multiple analyses are encouraged for confirmation. An updated and more comprehensive approach to investigating skin senescence should include further assays of ox-inflammatory molecular pathways that can consolidate the understanding of cutaneous redox senescence.

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“…Even though ozone levels can vary based on different conditions (humidity, seasonality, temperature, latitude, altitude), persistently high concentrations have been reported in urban centers, ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 ppm during severe polluted episodes 4 , 7 – 9 . Of note, to avoid noxious health effects, the WHO set the threshold of ozone exposure to 0.05 ppm 10 , however, the last reports from WHO itself estimated that 9 out of 10 people breathe air exceeding by far the recommended guidelines 9 , 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2D cell lines represent the most economical, accessible, reproducible and easy-to-handle cutaneous model available on the market, it can employ immortalized and primary cells however, this monolayer culture of keratinocytes does not undergo terminal differentiation, resulting in the absence of the SC which is the layer mostly affected by ozone exposure 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tension as a key factor in skin responses to pollution

Pambianchi,

Hagenberg,

Pecorelli

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Being the more apparent organ exposed to the outdoor stressors, the effect of pollution on the skin has been widely studied in the last few decades. Although UV light is known as the most aggressive stressor to which our cutaneous tissue is daily exposed, other components of the tropospheric pollution have also shown to affect skin health and functionality. Among them, ozone has been proven to be one of the most toxic due to its high reactivity with the epidermal lipids. Studying the cutaneous effect of pollution in a laboratory setting presents challenges, therefore it becomes critical to employ appropriate and tailored models that aim to answer specific questions. Several skin models are available nowadays: in vitro models (2D cell lines and 3D cutaneous tissues), ex vivo skin explants and in vivo approaches (animals and humans). Although in the last 20 years researchers developed skin models that closely resemble human skin (3D cutaneous tissues), ex vivo skin explants still remain one of the best models to study cutaneous responses. Unfortunately, one important cutaneous property that is not present in the traditional ex vivo human skin explants is the physiological tension, which has been shown to be a cardinal player in skin structure, homeostasis, functional properties and responses to external stimuli. For this reason, in this study, to confirm and further comprehend the harmful mechanism of ozone exposure on the integumentary system, we have performed experiments using the state of art in cutaneous models: the innovative TenSkin™ model in which ex vivo human skin explants are cultured under physiologically relevant tension during the whole experimental procedure. Specifically, we were interested in corroborating previous findings showing that ozone exposure modulates the expression of cutaneous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The present work demonstrates that cutaneous exposure to ozone induces AMPs gene and protein levels (CAMP/LL-37, hBD2, hBD3) and that the presence of tension can further modulate their expression. In addition, different responses between tension and non-tension cultured skin were also observed during the evaluation of OxInflammatory markers [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), matrix-metallo-proteinase 9 (MMP9) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4HNE)]. This current study supports our previous findings confirming the ability of pollution to induce the cutaneous expression of AMPs via redox signaling and corroborates the principle that skin explants are a good and reliable model to study skin responses even though it underlines the need to holistically consider the role of skin tension before extrapolating the data to real life.

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Bench approaches to study the detrimental cutaneous impact of tropospheric ozone

Cited by 7 publications

References 100 publications

LBL Noninvasively Peelable Biointerfacial Adhesives for Cutaneo‐Inspired pH/Tactility Artificial Receptors

LBL Noninvasively Peelable Biointerfacial Adhesives for Cutaneo‐Inspired pH/Tactility Artificial Receptors

Cutaneous Redox Senescence

Tension as a key factor in skin responses to pollution

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