Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although sleep symptoms are not included in the diagnostic criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these problems are common in children with ADHD. The presence of sleep problems was associated with impairment in functionality and increase in ADHD intensity. The aims of the study were to evaluate sleep problems of children with ADHD who had never received any psychiatric treatment and investigate the effects of these problems in functionality. METHODS: The present study included 83 children who were diagnosed as having ADHD and had never received any psychiatric treatment. The control group consisted of 106 healthy children. Psychiatric diagnostic interview was applied to all children. The parents completed the Conner's Parent Questionnaire to evaluate the intensity of ADHD in the children, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to evaluate sleep problems, and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate the functionality of the children. RESULTS: The total scores of subscale and scales of CSHQ were significantly higher in the study group. ADHD children slept 1 hour later and sleep quantity was 1.5 hours less than the control group. There was a significant correlation between sleep problems, ADHD severity, and functionality of these children. CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrated that children with ADHD experienced more sleep problems and slept less than the children in the healthy control group, and functional impairments increased due to these problems. Another important finding is that sleep problems are not related to drug use. Maintaining sleep hygiene or interventions against sleep problems may increase sleep quality and may improve self and family functionality. Therefore, the standardized sleep evaluation must be performed in cooperation with parents in all children with ADHD. ARTICLE HISTORY

Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

“…It is known that children with ADHD or ASD are at increased risk of sleep problems. [28][29][30] Our findings confirm that both fatigue and sleep problems are over-represented in children with a diagnosis of ADHD or ASD. Treatment with CNS stimulants may have an effect on sleep in children with ADHD, but the individual variation in drug response and sleep problems is not completely understood.…”

A Systematic Review of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…For persistent sleep problems, risk factors were found to be internalizing and externalizing symptoms severity, medication use and ADHD symptoms severity, whereas for transient sleep problems, poor parental mental health and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing behaviors were found to be risk factors (Lycett, Sciberras, et al, 2014). Using the CSHQ, it was also found that elevated scores on individual subscales (sleep onset latency, night waking, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, parasomnias, daytime sleepiness) among the ADHD cohort were positively associated with a variety of parent reported externalizing behavioral problems (social, attentional and disruptive behaviors) and functional impairment (family, school, life skills, social activities and risky actions) (Aronen et al, 2014; Choi et al, 2010; Eyuboglu & Eyuboglu, 2018). Additionally, subjective reports by parents revealed that sleep problems emerging early for children (aged 6–8 years) with ADHD ( n = 177) are uniquely associated with co-occurring internalizing and externalizing behaviors (Sciberras et al, 2016).…”

Dikkat Eksikliği/Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Yeme ve Uyku Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

“…DEHB, çocuk ve ergenlerde en sık görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklardan birisi olup bir meta-analiz çalışmasında tüm dünyada sıklığının %5,29 olduğu bildirilmiştir [3] [2]. Ülkemizde 83 DEHB tanılı ve tedavi almamış çocuk ve ergenle yapılmış bir çalışmada, sağlıklı kontrollere göre DEHB tanısı alan grubun anlamlı düzeyde uyku sorunu yaşadıkları ve bunun işlevselliği etkilediği saptanmıştır [15]. Owens ve arkadaşları, 46 DEHB tanılı ve tedavi almamış okul çağı çocuğu ile yaptıkları bir çalışmada, sağlıklı kontrollere göre hem kendilerinin, hem de ebeveynlerinin uyku sorununu anlamlı düzeyde bildirdiklerini saptamışlardır [16].…”

“…Bu, ergenlerin uyku ihtiyacını daha az hissetmeleri ile ilgili olabilir ve sorun olarak algılamamış olabilirler. Eyüboğlu ve Eyüboğlu'nun araştırmalarında [15] elde ettikleri sonuçlardan farklı olarak, öğretmenin bildirdiği işlevsellik değerlendirmesinde benlik saygısında uyku sorunu ile ilişki saptanması dışında diğer alanlardaki işlevsellik etkilenmesi ile uyku arasında bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Bugüne kadar çocuk ve ergenlerde yeme tutumları ve DEHB arasındaki ilişkinin sınırlı sayıda çalışma ile araştırıldığı dikkat çekmektedir [17].…”