Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural interventions for outwardly-directed aggressive behaviour in people with learning disabilities

Issues in caregiving for older people with intellectual disabilities and their ageing family carers: a review and commentary

“…Additionally, many of the studies that focused on support services lacked specific information about the unique needs of older carers. While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are gaining prominence in ID research, they are still used less frequently than studies involving the general population (Hassiotis & Hall, 2004), a view supported by McClean et al (2005) who reported that only 5% of publications in a major ID journal reported outcomes. While this situation should be reviewed by the research community to ensure that decision are based on the best available evidence, it is acknowledged that issues related to family caregiving are often not easy to research by objective cause and effect designs.…”

Issues in caregiving for older people with intellectual disabilities and their ageing family carers: a review and commentary

“…Additionally, many of the studies that focused on support services lacked specific information about the unique needs of older carers. While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are gaining prominence in ID research, they are still used less frequently than studies involving the general population (Hassiotis & Hall, 2004), a view supported by McClean et al (2005) who reported that only 5% of publications in a major ID journal reported outcomes. While this situation should be reviewed by the research community to ensure that decision are based on the best available evidence, it is acknowledged that issues related to family caregiving are often not easy to research by objective cause and effect designs.…”

GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence—indirectness

“…For example, a systematic review of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behavior in people with learning disabilities showed that a program of 3-week relaxation training significantly reduced disruptive behaviors at 3 months [3]. Unfortunately, no eligible trial assessed the review authors' predefined outcome of interest, the longterm impact defined as effect at 9 months or greater.…”

“…Unfortunately, no eligible trial assessed the review authors' predefined outcome of interest, the longterm impact defined as effect at 9 months or greater. The argument for rating down becomes even stronger when one considers that other types of behavioral interventions have shown an early beneficial effect that was not sustained at 6 months follow-up [3]. When there is a discrepancy between the time frame of measurement and that of interest, whether to rate down by one or two levels will depend on the magnitude of the discrepancy.…”

Experiences of caregivers of children with severe self‐injurious behavior: An interpretive, descriptive study

“…Individuals who are severely affected are at risk of life‐altering and life‐threatening injury 8,9 . Furthermore, caregivers of children with SIBs face high service needs and increased healthcare resource use 10 …”

Issues in caregiving for older people with intellectual disabilities and their ageing family carers: a review and commentary

“…Additionally, many of the studies that focused on support services lacked specific information about the unique needs of older carers. While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are gaining prominence in ID research, they are still used less frequently than studies involving the general population (Hassiotis & Hall, 2004), a view supported by McClean et al (2005) who reported that only 5% of publications in a major ID journal reported outcomes. While this situation should be reviewed by the research community to ensure that decision are based on the best available evidence, it is acknowledged that issues related to family caregiving are often not easy to research by objective cause and effect designs.…”

GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence—indirectness

“…For example, a systematic review of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behavior in people with learning disabilities showed that a program of 3-week relaxation training significantly reduced disruptive behaviors at 3 months [3]. Unfortunately, no eligible trial assessed the review authors' predefined outcome of interest, the longterm impact defined as effect at 9 months or greater.…”

“…Unfortunately, no eligible trial assessed the review authors' predefined outcome of interest, the longterm impact defined as effect at 9 months or greater. The argument for rating down becomes even stronger when one considers that other types of behavioral interventions have shown an early beneficial effect that was not sustained at 6 months follow-up [3]. When there is a discrepancy between the time frame of measurement and that of interest, whether to rate down by one or two levels will depend on the magnitude of the discrepancy.…”

Experiences of caregivers of children with severe self‐injurious behavior: An interpretive, descriptive study

“…Individuals who are severely affected are at risk of life‐altering and life‐threatening injury 8,9 . Furthermore, caregivers of children with SIBs face high service needs and increased healthcare resource use 10 …”

Issues in caregiving for older people with intellectual disabilities and their ageing family carers: a review and commentary

“…Additionally, many of the studies that focused on support services lacked specific information about the unique needs of older carers. While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are gaining prominence in ID research, they are still used less frequently than studies involving the general population (Hassiotis & Hall, 2004), a view supported by McClean et al (2005) who reported that only 5% of publications in a major ID journal reported outcomes. While this situation should be reviewed by the research community to ensure that decision are based on the best available evidence, it is acknowledged that issues related to family caregiving are often not easy to research by objective cause and effect designs.…”

GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence—indirectness

“…For example, a systematic review of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behavior in people with learning disabilities showed that a program of 3-week relaxation training significantly reduced disruptive behaviors at 3 months [3]. Unfortunately, no eligible trial assessed the review authors' predefined outcome of interest, the longterm impact defined as effect at 9 months or greater.…”

“…Unfortunately, no eligible trial assessed the review authors' predefined outcome of interest, the longterm impact defined as effect at 9 months or greater. The argument for rating down becomes even stronger when one considers that other types of behavioral interventions have shown an early beneficial effect that was not sustained at 6 months follow-up [3]. When there is a discrepancy between the time frame of measurement and that of interest, whether to rate down by one or two levels will depend on the magnitude of the discrepancy.…”

Experiences of caregivers of children with severe self‐injurious behavior: An interpretive, descriptive study

“…Individuals who are severely affected are at risk of life‐altering and life‐threatening injury 8,9 . Furthermore, caregivers of children with SIBs face high service needs and increased healthcare resource use 10 …”