Behavioral sensitization and extracellular dopamine responses to amphetamine after various treatments

Abstract

The repeated administration of amphetamine (AMPH) results in a pattern of behavioral changes which includes an augmentation of some behaviors, generally referred to as behavioral sensitization. Some investigators have suggested that an increased dopamine (DA) response to AMPH challenge may underlie behavioral sensitization, while others have reported behavioral sensitization in the absence of an enhanced DA response. Because temporal and dosage parameters of the AMPH pretreatment regimen have been suggested to play a role in the appearance of an enhanced DA response, we utilized a variety of AMPH pretreatment regimens to assess the relationship between pretreatment dose of AMPH, duration of withdrawal and the DA response in caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens to a subsequent AMPH challenge. Under our experimental conditions, behavioral sensitization was observed after each of these treatments in the absence of an enhanced DA response in either brain region.

Locomotor Stimulant and Rewarding Effects of Inhaling Methamphetamine, MDPV, and Mephedrone via Electronic Cigarette-Type Technology

“…Similarly, although the injection of a peak stimulant dose of MA, MDPV, or α-PVP results in immediate locomotor increases followed by a monotonic decay (Aarde et al, 2015a;Miller et al, 2013b), higher doses induce activity suppression (or lack of elevation) followed by an activity rebound later in the session as plasma levels decline. This is highly congruent with the seminal work by Segal, Kuczenski, and colleagues (Cho et al, 1999;Conti et al, 1997;Kuczenski et al, 1997) that shows a shift to alternate behaviors (ie, patterns of stereotyped repetitive activity) instead of locomotion. This well-established pattern of initial suppression followed by an activity rebound was not observed in any of the inhalation telemetry activity data in this study and our new lowerexposure conditions reinforce the inference that these data are on the ascending/peak part of the curve.…”

Locomotor Stimulant and Rewarding Effects of Inhaling Methamphetamine, MDPV, and Mephedrone via Electronic Cigarette-Type Technology

“…Similarly, although the injection of a peak stimulant dose of MA, MDPV, or α-PVP results in immediate locomotor increases followed by a monotonic decay (Aarde et al, 2015a;Miller et al, 2013b), higher doses induce activity suppression (or lack of elevation) followed by an activity rebound later in the session as plasma levels decline. This is highly congruent with the seminal work by Segal, Kuczenski, and colleagues (Cho et al, 1999;Conti et al, 1997;Kuczenski et al, 1997) that shows a shift to alternate behaviors (ie, patterns of stereotyped repetitive activity) instead of locomotion. This well-established pattern of initial suppression followed by an activity rebound was not observed in any of the inhalation telemetry activity data in this study and our new lowerexposure conditions reinforce the inference that these data are on the ascending/peak part of the curve.…”

A Glutamate–Dopamine Interaction in the Persistent Enhanced Response to Amphetamine in Nucleus Accumbens Core but not Shell Following a Single Restraint Stress

“…It is well known that an AMPH injection increases the behavioral response and DA release in striatum (Carboni et al, 2003;Cadoni et al, 2003;Kuczenski et al, 1997;Lecca et al, 2004). However, in the current study, the temporal response to d-AMPH was not significantly different from Saline in No Stress animals.…”

Environment makes amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens totally impulse-dependent

“…It must be pointed out that the results reported here seem to reconcile a number of apparently conflicting results that have reported sensitization to psychostimulants in the absence of accumbal increased DA release (Kuczenski et al, 1997).…”

Locomotor Stimulant and Rewarding Effects of Inhaling Methamphetamine, MDPV, and Mephedrone via Electronic Cigarette-Type Technology

“…Similarly, although the injection of a peak stimulant dose of MA, MDPV, or α-PVP results in immediate locomotor increases followed by a monotonic decay (Aarde et al, 2015a;Miller et al, 2013b), higher doses induce activity suppression (or lack of elevation) followed by an activity rebound later in the session as plasma levels decline. This is highly congruent with the seminal work by Segal, Kuczenski, and colleagues (Cho et al, 1999;Conti et al, 1997;Kuczenski et al, 1997) that shows a shift to alternate behaviors (ie, patterns of stereotyped repetitive activity) instead of locomotion. This well-established pattern of initial suppression followed by an activity rebound was not observed in any of the inhalation telemetry activity data in this study and our new lowerexposure conditions reinforce the inference that these data are on the ascending/peak part of the curve.…”

A Glutamate–Dopamine Interaction in the Persistent Enhanced Response to Amphetamine in Nucleus Accumbens Core but not Shell Following a Single Restraint Stress

“…It is well known that an AMPH injection increases the behavioral response and DA release in striatum (Carboni et al, 2003;Cadoni et al, 2003;Kuczenski et al, 1997;Lecca et al, 2004). However, in the current study, the temporal response to d-AMPH was not significantly different from Saline in No Stress animals.…”

Environment makes amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens totally impulse-dependent

“…It must be pointed out that the results reported here seem to reconcile a number of apparently conflicting results that have reported sensitization to psychostimulants in the absence of accumbal increased DA release (Kuczenski et al, 1997).…”

Locomotor Stimulant and Rewarding Effects of Inhaling Methamphetamine, MDPV, and Mephedrone via Electronic Cigarette-Type Technology

“…Similarly, although the injection of a peak stimulant dose of MA, MDPV, or α-PVP results in immediate locomotor increases followed by a monotonic decay (Aarde et al, 2015a;Miller et al, 2013b), higher doses induce activity suppression (or lack of elevation) followed by an activity rebound later in the session as plasma levels decline. This is highly congruent with the seminal work by Segal, Kuczenski, and colleagues (Cho et al, 1999;Conti et al, 1997;Kuczenski et al, 1997) that shows a shift to alternate behaviors (ie, patterns of stereotyped repetitive activity) instead of locomotion. This well-established pattern of initial suppression followed by an activity rebound was not observed in any of the inhalation telemetry activity data in this study and our new lowerexposure conditions reinforce the inference that these data are on the ascending/peak part of the curve.…”

A Glutamate–Dopamine Interaction in the Persistent Enhanced Response to Amphetamine in Nucleus Accumbens Core but not Shell Following a Single Restraint Stress

“…It is well known that an AMPH injection increases the behavioral response and DA release in striatum (Carboni et al, 2003;Cadoni et al, 2003;Kuczenski et al, 1997;Lecca et al, 2004). However, in the current study, the temporal response to d-AMPH was not significantly different from Saline in No Stress animals.…”

Environment makes amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens totally impulse-dependent

“…It must be pointed out that the results reported here seem to reconcile a number of apparently conflicting results that have reported sensitization to psychostimulants in the absence of accumbal increased DA release (Kuczenski et al, 1997).…”