Behavioral modeling of nonlinear transfer systems with load-dependent <i>X</i>-parameters

Abstract

Abstract. In this contribution, different approaches based on the X-parameters TM to model the behavior of mismatched nonlinear transfer systems are examined. The X-parameters based on the PHD 1 -principle introduced by Verspecht and Root (2006) as an extension of the well-known S-parameters describe nonlinear microwave 2-port-networks under large signal conditions. Using load-pull measurement techniques they can be used for arbitrary load situations. Beside this load-pull approach, in the work of , it is stated that it is sufficient to use one optimized X-parameter set for each value of the load reflection coefficient without introducing a large error. In another contribution of Cai and Yu (2015), this approach is extended to cover the whole smith chart with one optimized X-parameter set instead. In this work, these different approaches are compared and brought into question.