Behavioral disinhibition following basal forebrain excitotoxin lesions: alcohol consumption, defensive aggression, impulsivity and serotonin levels

Johansson, A; Bergvall, Åsa H.; Hansen, Stefan

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00159-4

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…O uso nocivo do álcool é um dos principais responsáveis pela maioria dos casos de violência envolvendo o sexo masculino e feminino, (Badawy, 2003;Borders, Barnwell, & Earleywine, 2007;Corrigan & Watson, 2005;Johansson, Bergvall, & Hansen, 1999;Martin & Bryant, 2001;Parker & Auerhahn, 1998;Sher, 2006;Thompson & Kingree, 2004;Zilberman & Blume, 2005) contribuindo para torná-lo, nos dias atuais, um dos principais problemas de saúde pública (Liu & Wuerker, 2005). O risco da associação do álcool com a violência não ocorrem apenas com os bebedores nocivos e regulares, mas também entre bebedores moderados ou eventuais (Rabello & Caldas Junior, 2007).…”

Section: Uso Nocivo E Crônico Do áLcool E Sua Relação Com a Violênciaunclassified

“…Sua ação difusa no SNC altera as funções neuroquími-cas dos sistemas: GABA (ácido gama-aminobutírico) (Cha et al, 2006), glutamato (Oscar-Berman et al, 1997), serotonina (Badawy, 2003;Enoch, 2003;Lavine, 1997), norepinefrina (Johansson et al, 1999;Lavine, 1997), dopamina e acetilcolina (Dick & Bierut, 2006;Eckardt et al, 1998). O álcool pode afetar estes sistemas diretamente e/ou as interações entre eles (Eckardt et al, 1998), comprometendo o funcionamento de diversas áreas cerebrais de homens e mulheres (Mann et al, 2005).…”

Section: Ação Do áLcool No Sistema Nervoso Central E Seus Efeitos Psiunclassified

“…Taxas elevadas de comportamentos impulsivos e violentos e baixa produção de serotonina foram associados ao uso crônico do álcool (Badawy, 2003;Johansson et al, 1999;Sher, 2006). Há um número expressivo de estudos que tratam especialmente sobre a redução da atividade da serotonina em indivíduos com traços agressivos e impulsivos (Sher, 2006), evidenciando que uma anormalidade do metabolismo deste neurotransmissor pode contribuir para maior predis-posição no desenvolvimento desse comportamento.…”

Section: Neurobiologia Da Violênciaunclassified

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Álcool e violência em homens e mulheres

Almeida¹,

Pasa²,

Scheffer³

2009

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoO uso nocivo do álcool configura-se como um problema de saúde pública, associado ao aumento da violência, envolvendo ambos os sexos. Esse artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre o impacto do uso do álcool em homens e mulheres do ponto de vista neurobiológico, enfatizando a ação psicoativa da substância e sua implicação no comportamento violento. Foi conduzida uma análise baseada em artigos selecionados nas fontes eletrônicas do Scielo, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e Web of Science no período de 1996 a 2008. Do total de 420 artigos selecionados, 90 foram considerados relevantes para a análise. Verificou-se que o uso nocivo do álcool causa mudanças neuroquímicas e alterações nas funções cognitivas, podendo gerar comportamentos violentos em homens e mulheres, entretanto, evidenciou-se importantes diferenças entre os sexos quanto à ação psicoativa do álcool, assim como, no tipo de violência expressa. Estudos sobre a temática proposta ainda são escassos, sugerindo a necessidade de pesquisas futuras que possam contribuir para um melhor entendimento e para ações preventivas eficazes. Palavras-chaves: Álcool; Violência; Cérebro; Cognição; Comportamento. AbstractThe abuse of alcohol can engender serious public health problems in certain people, particularly due to its link to violence involving both men and women. This article has the aim to discuss the impact of alcohol in men and women regarding neurobiological mechanisms, emphasizing its psychoactive effects as well as its implication for violent behavior. An analysis was conduct based on reviews and articles in electronic databases, selected from 1996 to 2008 at Scielo, Lilacs, MEDLINE, Pub Med and Web of Science. From a total of 420 selected articles 90 were considered relevant for this analysis. It was evident that the abuse of alcohol causes changes in neurochemistry and in cognitive functions, and some of those changes lead to violent behavior in men and women. However, there are important differences between both genders and the type of aggressive behavior expressed. Studies on this topic are still rare and more research is necessary in order to develop better diagnostic tools and favor relevant neurobiological mechanisms for more effective treatments.

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Section: Uso Nocivo E Crônico Do áLcool E Sua Relação Com a Violênciaunclassified

Section: Ação Do áLcool No Sistema Nervoso Central E Seus Efeitos Psiunclassified

Section: Neurobiologia Da Violênciaunclassified

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Álcool e violência em homens e mulheres

Almeida¹,

Pasa²,

Scheffer³

2009

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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“…Accumbal 5-HT levels were increased in all treatments relative to undisturbed controls. These rapid increases in NAc 5-HT levels following brief social threat or environmental disturbance may either facilitate NAc DA-mediated motivational behaviors [47,48], or enhance survival by reducing expression of inappropriate behavior in aversive contexts [49,50].…”

Section: Effects Of Social Threat On Limbic Monoaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid neuroendocrine responses evoked at the onset of social challenge

Watt

Forster

Korzan

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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At the onset of agonistic social challenge, individuals must assess the degree of threat the opponent represents in order to react appropriately. We aimed to characterize the neuroendocrine changes accompanying this period of initial social assessment using the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Conveyance of aggressive intent by male A. carolinensis is facilitated by rapid post-orbital skin darkening (eyespot), whereas eyespot presence inhibits opponent aggression. By manipulating this visual signal, we also investigated whether differing neuroendocrine changes were evoked by initial presentation of varying levels of social threat. Subjects were painted postorbitally either with black paint (high threat level), green paint (low threat level) or water (controls). Painted animals were presented with a mirror and sampled immediately upon exhibiting aggressive intent towards the reflected simulated opponent, but before producing behaviors such as motor pattern-based displays. Control animals (blank surface presented) were sampled at times derived from averaging response times of painted subjects. Brains and plasma were analyzed for monoamine activity and catecholamine levels using electrochemical HPLC. Social threat evoked increases in plasma catecholamine levels indistinguishable from those caused by brief environmental disturbance. However, brief social challenge caused distinct rapid increases in amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine and serotonin levels. Amygdalar changes were associated with general social threat presence, but NAc monoamines were affected by both threat level and subject motivation to engage in confrontation. This suggests that specific rapid activity changes in key forebrain limbic nuclei differ according to the degree of social threat perceived at the start of the interaction.

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“…Central nervous system regulation of serotonin has also been implicated in aggressive behavior, and several studies have established an association between serotonin depletion and aggression in both human (Halperin et al 2006) and animal models (Vergnes et al 1988;Johansson et al 1999). Work that specifically examines the association between serotonergic regulation and autism dates back to 1961, when Schain and Freedman (1961) first reported elevated levels of whole-blood serotonin in a subgroup of individuals with autism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychopharmacology of Aggression in Children and Adolescents with Autism: A Critical Review of Efficacy and Tolerability

Parikh

Kolevzon

Hollander

2008

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

100

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Background:Autism is characterized by a clinical triad of symptoms that affect social, language, and behavioral domains. Aggression and self-injury may be associated symptoms of autism and can result in significant harm to those affected as well as marked distress for their families. The precise nature of the relationship between aggressive or self-injurious behavior (SIB) and autism remains unclear and as a result, these symptoms are treated with a broad range of pharmacological approaches. This review seeks to systematically and critically examine the evidence for the pharmacological management of aggression and SIB in children with autism spectrum disorders.Method: The entire PubMed database was searched for English language biomedical articles on clinical trials with medication in autism spectrum disorders. Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized placebo-controlled trials; (2) a sample population that included children and adolescents; (3) at least one standardized assessment of aggression as a primary outcome measure of the study.Results: Twenty one trials with 12 medications were identified. Five medications produced significant improvement as compared to placebo, including tianeptine, methylphenidate, risperidone, clonidine, and naltrexone. Only risperidone and methylphenidate demonstrate results that have been replicated across at least two studies.Conclusions: Although many medications have been studied under placebo-controlled conditions, few produce significant improvement. Additional placebo-controlled trials are needed to increase the number of therapeutic options available in the treatment of aggression in autism.

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Behavioral disinhibition following basal forebrain excitotoxin lesions: alcohol consumption, defensive aggression, impulsivity and serotonin levels

Cited by 34 publications

References 65 publications

Álcool e violência em homens e mulheres

Álcool e violência em homens e mulheres

Rapid neuroendocrine responses evoked at the onset of social challenge

Psychopharmacology of Aggression in Children and Adolescents with Autism: A Critical Review of Efficacy and Tolerability

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