Behavioral Change and Its Neural Correlates in Visual Agnosia After Expertise Training

Behrmann, Marlene; Marotta, Jonathan J.; Gauthier, Isabel; Tarr, Michael J.; McKeeff, Thomas J.

doi:10.1162/0898929053467613

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies of greeble learning in prosopagnosics have been performed, but several factors complicated their interpretation. Two acquired cases, SM (22) and LR (23), were unable to develop normal greeble expertise, in line with the prediction of the expertise hypothesis. However, their poor performance may be explained by factors other than a disruption of expertise mechanisms, such as general…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Normal acquisition of expertise with greebles in two cases of acquired prosopagnosia

Rezlescu

Barton

Pitcher

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Face recognition is generally thought to rely on different neurocognitive mechanisms than most types of objects, but the specificity of these mechanisms is debated. One account suggests the mechanisms are specific to upright faces, whereas the expertise view proposes the mechanisms operate on objects of high withinclass similarity with which an observer has become proficient at rapid individuation. Much of the evidence cited in support of the expertise view comes from laboratory-based training experiments involving computer-generated objects called greebles that are designed to place face-like demands on recognition mechanisms. A fundamental prediction of the expertise hypothesis is that recognition deficits with faces will be accompanied by deficits with objects of expertise. Here we present two cases of acquired prosopagnosia, Herschel and Florence, who violate this prediction: Both show normal performance in a standard greeble training procedure, along with severe deficits on a matched face training procedure. Herschel and Florence also meet several response time criteria that advocates of the expertise view suggest signal successful acquisition of greeble expertise. Furthermore, Herschel's results show that greeble learning can occur without normal functioning of the right fusiform face area, an area proposed to mediate greeble expertise. The marked dissociation between face and greeble expertise undermines greeble-based claims challenging face-specificity and indicates face recognition mechanisms are not necessary for object recognition after laboratorybased training.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Normal acquisition of expertise with greebles in two cases of acquired prosopagnosia

Rezlescu

Barton

Pitcher

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Desmarais, Dixon, & Roy, 2007;Vuong & Tarr, 2006) or by expertise visual training with the objects (Behrmann, Marotta, Gauthier, Tarr, & McKeeff, 2005;Tarr & Cheng, 2003). However, relatively little is known about the effects of direct action experience on object recognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to use novel objects: A training study on the acquisition of novel action representations

Elk

Paulus

Pfeiffer

et al. 2011

Consciousness and Cognition

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a b s t r a c tMany studies have suggested that the motor system is organized in a hierarchical fashion, around the prototypical end location associated with using objects. However, most studies supporting the hierarchical view have used well-known actions and objects that are highly over-learned. Accordingly, at present it is unclear if the hierarchical principle applies to learning the use of novel objects as well. In the present study we found that when learning to use a novel object subjects acquired an action representation of the end location associated with using the object, as evidenced by slower responses in an action observation task, when the object was presented at an incorrect end location. By showing the importance of knowledge about end locations when learning to use a novel object, the present study suggests that end locations are a fundamental organizing feature of the human motor system.

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“…S.M. has participated in many previous studies, and the reader is referred to those for further details (Behrmann & Kimchi, 2003;Behrmann, Marotta, Gauthier, Tarr, & McKeeff, 2005;Gauthier, Behrmann, & Tarr, 1999, 2004Humphreys, Avidan, & Behrmann, in press). In brief, neuro-ophthalmological examination confirmed no visual sensory deficit in S.M.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent representation of parts and the relations between them: Evidence from integrative agnosia.

Behrmann

Peterson

Moscovitch

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Whether objects are represented as a collection of parts whose relations are coded independently remains a topic of ongoing discussion among theorists in the domain of shape perception. S.M., an individual with integrative agnosia, and neurologically intact ("normal") individuals learned initially to identify 4 target objects constructed of 2 simple volumetric parts. At test, the targets were mixed with distractors, some of which could be discriminated from the targets on the basis of a mismatching part, whereas the rest could be discriminated only on the basis of the altered spatial arrangements of parts. S.M. learned to identify the target objects, although at a rate slower than that of the normal participants. At test, he correctly rejected distractors on the basis of mismatching parts but was profoundly impaired at rejecting distractors made of the same local components but with mismatching spatial arrangements. These results suggest that encoding the spatial arrangements of parts of an object requires a mechanism that is different from that required for encoding the shape of individual parts, with the former selectively compromised in integrative agnosia.

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Behavioral Change and Its Neural Correlates in Visual Agnosia After Expertise Training

Cited by 58 publications

References 62 publications

Normal acquisition of expertise with greebles in two cases of acquired prosopagnosia

Normal acquisition of expertise with greebles in two cases of acquired prosopagnosia

Learning to use novel objects: A training study on the acquisition of novel action representations

Independent representation of parts and the relations between them: Evidence from integrative agnosia.

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