“…blazei (Gao et al, 2007), Hypsizigus marmoreus (Mizumoto et al, 2008) and other mushrooms have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation of HL-60 leukemia cells and other leukemia human cell lines via the induction of apoptosis. Mechanisms by which apoptosis is induced include down-regulation of telomerase activity and up-regulation of mRNA expression of the caspase-3 gene (Gao et al, 2007), regulation of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 (Jin, Moon, Choi, Lee, & Kim, 2007), cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and pro-caspase 3 (Bae et al, 2009), mitochondrial membrane potential loss and caspase activation (Mizumoto et al, 2008), release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 (Hsu, Yu, & Yen, 2008b) and via the signal transduction kinases Akt and Erk (Calvino et al, 2010). These extracts appear to exert tumor-selective cytotoxicity, with studies reporting no significant cytotoxic effects on normal cell lines (Lau et al, 2004).…”