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Ryan, Joseph F.; Burton, Patrick M.; Mazza, Maureen E.; Kwong, Grace K; Mullikin, James C.; Finnerty, John R.

doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-7-r64

Cited by 162 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Hox genes in Nematostella and other cnidarians are also expressed in spatial patterns consistent with an ancient role in embryonic development (54)(55)(56). Tetrapods have four Hox clusters that arose by duplication on the vertebrate stem --HoxA (human chromosome 7p15.2), HoxB (17q21.32), HoxC (12q13.13), and HoxD (2q31.1) --which all appear in the same eumetazoan PAL, linked to eight Nematostella scaffolds (Figure 4d).…”

Section: Conservation Of Ancient Eumetazoan Linkage Groupsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Tetrapods have four Hox clusters that arose by duplication on the vertebrate stem --HoxA (human chromosome 7p15.2), HoxB (17q21.32), HoxC (12q13.13), and HoxD (2q31.1) --which all appear in the same eumetazoan PAL, linked to eight Nematostella scaffolds (Figure 4d). Nematostella has several clusters of homeobox genes (56)(57)(58), but only those on scaffolds 3 and 61 are embedded within the ancestral eumetazoan Hox context, providing independent support for the assignment of these homeobox genes as bona fide Nematostella Hox genes (54,56,59). Remarkably, we find that not only is the organization of the Hox cluster itself preserved, but that there is an extensive block of 225 ancestral genes ( Table S7.3) that were linked to Hox in the eumetazoan ancestor and have (independently) retained that linkage in both the modern human and anemone genomes.…”

Section: Conservation Of Ancient Eumetazoan Linkage Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization

Putnam

Srivastava

Hellsten

et al. 2007

Science

1,442

1,381

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Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the Cnidaria, the oldest eumetazoan phylum. Here we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet anemone Nematostella vectensis. The anemone genome is surprisingly complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes. These results imply that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex, and that fly and nematode genomes have been modified via sequence divergence, gene and intron loss, and genomic rearrangement. Nearly one-fifth of the genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties in the sense that they have no recognizable homologs outside of animals, or contain new protein domains and/or domain combinations that are not found in other eukaryotes. These eumetazoanspecific genes are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission, and analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were already likely well integrated with pre-existing eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor. Subsequent diversification in the cnidarian and bilaterian lineages was therefore associated with new regulatory linkages and higher-level integration of these preexisting pathways and networks.

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Section: Conservation Of Ancient Eumetazoan Linkage Groupsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Conservation Of Ancient Eumetazoan Linkage Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization

Putnam

Srivastava

Hellsten

et al. 2007

Science

1,442

1,381

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although our molecular understanding of acoelomorphs is in its infancy, it appears that they might display features expected for their position between cnidarians and eubilaterians. For example, the search for HOX genes in four acoelomorph species (Cook et al 2004;Jiménez-Guri et al 2006; own results) yielded a small number of HOX class genes: 1-2 anterior class, a single posterior class, and 1-2 central class (central class HOX genes appear to be absent in cnidarians; Chourrout et al 2006;Ryan et al 2006Ryan et al , 2007. In addition, a Cdx and Xlox orthologue has been found in acoels and nemertodermatids (Cook et al 2004;Jiménez-Guri et al 2006).…”

Section: The Phylogenetic Position Of the Acoelomorpha And Their Impamentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoel development supports a simple planula-like urbilaterian

Hejnol

Martindale

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

145

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Molecular approaches to the study of development and evolution have had profound effects on our understanding of the nature of the evolutionary process. Developmental biologists became intoxicated with fanciful notions of reconstructing genetic pathways of morphogenesis while evolutionary biologists were sobered by the fallacy of reconstructing organismal relationships along increasing grades of morphological complexity. Increased taxon sampling and improvements in analytical techniques are providing a new approach and are forcing biologists to move past historical biases to allow more accurate mapping of morphological and developmental characters through evolutionary time. Here, we discuss the possible developmental and morphological features of the 'urbilaterian', the triploblastic animal with anterior-posterior and dorsoventral axes and predecessor of the protostome-deuterostome ancestor. We argue that this animal, with features resembling acoelomorph flatworms, was far simpler morphologically than the protostome-deuterostome ancestor despite possessing a nearly complete eubilaterian genome. We show that the deployment of some genes expected to pattern the protostome-deuterostome ancestor is not deployed in acoels in the predicted manner and thus might have been co-opted after the evolution of the urbilaterian. We also identify the developmental changes related to gastrulation that gave rise to the urbilaterian from a simpler cnidarian-like ancestor.

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“…The name of ZFH class was used as previously reported, in which consist of 2 families, Zfh1 and Zfh2 (Wada et al, 2003). CG13424 and Msxlx families were named as reported by Ryan et al (2006).…”

Section: Identification and Classification Of Homeobox Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%