Battery Internal Short Detection Methodology Using Cell Swelling Measurements

Cai, Ting; Pannala, Sravan; Stefanopoulou, Anna G.; Siegel, Jason B.

doi:10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147956

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Chemical characterization has been performed through techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; 2,3,11,17,20 whereas sensors based on pressure, surface temperature, expansion force, voltage and current, and gas detection have been used for early detection. 12,13,21,22 Optical-based sensors and spectroscopy techniques have also been used for characterization and detection of gases vented from Li-ion cells. For instance, FT-IR has been used for characterization, 2,11,23 and non-dispersive infrared 12 and fiber optics-based 24 technologies for detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Products Released from Lithium-Ion Battery Cells at Thermal Runaway Conditions

Díaz

Hahn

2021

Appl Spectrosc

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to characterize the materials released by lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells at thermal runaway conditions. Commercial AAA-size, rechargeable, 3.7-V, 350-mAh, Li-ion battery cells were heated in a N2-atmosphere tubular chamber up to about 165 Â°C to induce thermal decomposition. Through measurements of the chamber internal temperature and LIBS emission intensities over time the onset temperature of thermal runaway (â143 Â°C) and the duration of the cells outgassing (> 40 minutes) were determined. Relatively high intensity atomic emissions from C, H, F, Li, Na, and P were detected at different times during the heating experiments. The detection of analytes such as C and H was continuous over time. On the contrary, detection of F, Na, Li, and P was more irregular, indicating the presence of solid-phase analytes or analyte-bearing particles. A calibration scheme for estimation of the total mass/volume concentration of all carbon-based species sampled within the laser-induced plasma was developed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Products Released from Lithium-Ion Battery Cells at Thermal Runaway Conditions

Díaz

Hahn

2021

Appl Spectrosc

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“…Prior research from Cai et al (2020) showed the slow response of using surface temperature to detect an ISC event. This is primarily due to the poor observability of using surface temperature measurements to estimate the core temperature state where the ISC happens.…”

Section: Fault Detection Methodology For Packsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a correlation coefficient calculated for neighboring cells in series can result in a model-free fault detection algorithm (Xia et al (2017)). However, in large battery packs it can be difficult to identify the fault using only voltage measurements (Cai et al (2020)). In electric vehicle battery packs, the cells are connected in parallel inside a module.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For hard internal short circuits, the battery internal temperature can be elevated in a few seconds, causing a large temperature gradient inside the cell. In Cai et al (2018Cai et al ( , 2019b, the authors divided the battery into three temperature sections and showed that at the early stage of ISC, the battery surface temperature rise is much slower than the voltage drop and the expansion force rise. In Lammer et al (2017), the authors showed that a large amount of CO 2 is released with the first venting during a thermal runaway event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Li-ion Battery Fault Detection in Large Packs Using Force and Gas Sensors

Cai

Mohtat

Stefanopoulou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Internal short circuits are a leading cause of battery thermal runaway, and hence a major safety issue for electric vehicles. An internal short circuit with low resistance is called a hard internal short, which causes a high internal current flow that leads to an extremely fast temperature rise, gas generation, cell swelling, and ultimately battery rupture and failure. Thus it is crucial to detect these faults immediately after they get triggered. In large battery packs with many cells in parallel, detecting an internal short circuit event using voltage is difficult due to suppression of the voltage signal from the faulty cell by the other healthy cells connected in parallel. In contrast, analyzing the gas composition in the pack enclosure can provide a robust single cell failure detection method. At elevated temperature, decomposition of the battery materials results in gas generation and cell swelling. The cell structure is designed to rupture at a critical gas pressure and vent the accumulated CO 2 gas, in order to prevent explosive forces. In this paper, we extend our previous work by combining the models of cell thermal dynamics, swelling, and CO 2 gas generation. In particular, we developed a fast and high confidence level detection method of hard internal short circuit events for a battery pack by measuring cell expansion force and monitoring CO 2 concentrations in a pack enclosure.

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“…23 An internal short detection methodology based on force measurement with high accuracy is proposed. 24 It has been confirmed that gas generated from SEI layer decomposition is the root cause of the huge expansion force. These highly sensitive and reliable characteristics bring great potential in improving battery safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An experimental study on the mechanical characteristics of Li‐ion battery during overcharge‐induced thermal runaway

Lei

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Battery Internal Short Detection Methodology Using Cell Swelling Measurements

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Chemical Characterization Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Products Released from Lithium-Ion Battery Cells at Thermal Runaway Conditions

Chemical Characterization Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Products Released from Lithium-Ion Battery Cells at Thermal Runaway Conditions

Li-ion Battery Fault Detection in Large Packs Using Force and Gas Sensors

An experimental study on the mechanical characteristics of Li‐ion battery during overcharge‐induced thermal runaway

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