“Bath Salts” Intoxication: A Case Report

Falgiani, Michael; Desai, Bobby; Ryan, Maureen C.

doi:10.1155/2012/976314

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To date there have been three cases reported in which patients have had low blood sugars (43,61). The etiology of this is not known, but bath salts users often binge for several days during which they may eat very little.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cathinones (“Bath Salts”)

Banks

Worst

Rusyniak

et al. 2014

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

139

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Background Synthetic cathinones are popularly referred to in the media as “bath salts.” Through the direct and indirect activation of the sympathetic nervous system, smoking, snorting, or injecting synthetic cathinones can result in tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, myocardial infarction and death. Objectives The chemical structures and names of bath salts identified by the State of Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation Laboratory are presented. Based on their common pharmacophores the authors review the history, pharmacology, toxicology, detection methods and clinical implications of synthetic cathinones. Through the integration of this information, the pharmacological basis for the management of patients using synthetic cathinones is presented. Discussion Synthetic cathinones activate central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems contributing to acute psychosis and the peripheral activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The over stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the many toxicities reported with bath salt use. The pharmacological basis for managing these patients is targeted at attenuating the activation of these systems. Conclusions Treatment of patients presenting after using bath salts should be focused on reducing agitation and psychosis, and supporting renal perfusion. The majority of successfully treated synthetic cathinones cases have used benzodiazepines and antipsychotics along with general supportive care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cathinones (“Bath Salts”)

Banks

Worst

Rusyniak

et al. 2014

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

139

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“…The usual cost for 300mg is $20 [5]. Other street names of bath salts are red dove, vanilla sky, ivory wave, bliss, white lightning, super coke, tranquility, zoom, and magic [6,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residents of these regions often chew khat leaves for stimulating effects similar to those of amphetamine [7][8][9][10]. This similarity is because cathinone is an analogue of amphetamine; alteration of its chemical structure results in the formation of mephedrone, methylone and flephedrone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bath Salt Thrombosis

Lankford¹

2014

J Clin Toxicol

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This report describes the treatment of a thirty-one year old chronic drug abuser who claimed to use intravenous morphine daily along with a wide array of other illegal drugs and bath salts. The unkempt patient was diagnosed with hypertension and extensive occlusive thrombosis throughout bilateral cephalic veins extending from the neck to below the elbow.Keywords: Bath salts; Thrombosis; Antecubital fossa injections; Cathinone Case ReportThirty-one year old chronic drug abuser presented to our local hospital. He claimed to use intravenous morphine daily along with a wide array of other illegal drugs such as hydromorphone, fentanyl and oxymorphone. He was diagnosed with hypertension but admitted to being non-adherent to his medication. He complained of bilateral upper arm swelling and pain which started a day after injecting bath salts on both antecubital fossae. He stated that he used bath salts in this route before without such complications. He denied any fever, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting. Physical examination revealed an unkempt man who was not in acute respiratory distress. His bilateral upper extremities were swollen, tender and erythematous. Neurologic exam was non-focal. Venous Doppler ultrasound of the upper extremities revealed extensive occlusive thromboses throughout bilateral cephalic veins extending from the neck to below the elbow. CT scan of the chest did not reveal any pulmonary embolus. He was started on anticoagulation and antibiotics for cellulitis. He was discharged a few days later after symptoms abated. He has not followed-up for his clinic appointments and INR monitoring.

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“…Falgiani, Desai, and Ryan (2012) state that the use of bath salts is becoming a nationwide problem, and poison control has noted calls from at least 25 states that had a significant problem with bath salts in 2010. Melton (2011) acknowledged that emergency department visits and calls to poison control centers due to ingestion of bath salts have skyrocketed.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Falgiani et al (2012) state that the mainstay of therapy in the emergency department is supportive treatment along with the use of benzodiazepines as needed for agitation and seizures. Further studies on the chemicals are underway to detect the psychoactive effects of bath salts.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%