Basic haematological values in the african buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) and in the red buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus)

Evaluation of Hematologic Values in Free-Ranging African Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)

“…The reference intervals and means for the 420 TB-negative buffalo over the age of 1 yr are reported in Table 1 and compared to published values for captive African buffalo, cattle, and bison. The free-ranging buffalo tested in this study had higher WBC counts than those recorded for captive buffalo by both Pospisil (1985) and ISIS (2007). The average values for MCHC, WBC counts, and neutrophils for our sample of buffalo fall above the reference ranges published for cattle, while the buffalo average for MCV falls below the published cattle range.…”

“…This may have influenced our reference ranges, especially the wide variability of the leukograms. Two of the comparison studies had sample sizes of less than 40 (Pospisil, 1985;ISIS, 2007), so that minimum-maximum ranges, rather than reference ranges, were shown. Despite these difficulties, the differences in hematology between cattle and captive and free-ranging buffalo emphasize the importance of using species-specific ref- F is the test statistic from which significant levels (P values) for general linear models are calculated.…”

“…We compare our results for free-ranging African buffalo with published hematologic data from captive African buffalo (Pospisil et al, 1985;International Species Information System [ISIS], 2007), American bison (Bos bison; Miller et al, 1989), and cattle (Bos taurus; Smith, 2001). The ISIS maintains an electronic central database of animals held in zoological institutions, and 676 member institutions provide health and genetic data on animals, with the primary objective of managing zoo populations for species conservation.…”

“…Insofar as hematologic values reflect animal health, nutrition, and body condition, we would also expect hematology to vary with these demographic and environmental factors. Indeed, hematologic studies in other species have shown that younger ruminants often have higher hematocrit and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglo-bin concentration (MCHC) compared to older animals (Pospisil, 1985;Perez et al, 2003;Brun-Hansen, 2006). It has also been noted that males often have higher hematocrit than females (Lumsden, 1980;Perez et al, 2003), and seasonal variability in hematologic values has been demonstrated in other species such as tortoises (Lawrence, 1987) and dolphins (Hall et al, 2007).…”

Evaluation of Hematologic Values in Free-Ranging African Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)

“…The reference intervals and means for the 420 TB-negative buffalo over the age of 1 yr are reported in Table 1 and compared to published values for captive African buffalo, cattle, and bison. The free-ranging buffalo tested in this study had higher WBC counts than those recorded for captive buffalo by both Pospisil (1985) and ISIS (2007). The average values for MCHC, WBC counts, and neutrophils for our sample of buffalo fall above the reference ranges published for cattle, while the buffalo average for MCV falls below the published cattle range.…”

“…This may have influenced our reference ranges, especially the wide variability of the leukograms. Two of the comparison studies had sample sizes of less than 40 (Pospisil, 1985;ISIS, 2007), so that minimum-maximum ranges, rather than reference ranges, were shown. Despite these difficulties, the differences in hematology between cattle and captive and free-ranging buffalo emphasize the importance of using species-specific ref- F is the test statistic from which significant levels (P values) for general linear models are calculated.…”

“…We compare our results for free-ranging African buffalo with published hematologic data from captive African buffalo (Pospisil et al, 1985;International Species Information System [ISIS], 2007), American bison (Bos bison; Miller et al, 1989), and cattle (Bos taurus; Smith, 2001). The ISIS maintains an electronic central database of animals held in zoological institutions, and 676 member institutions provide health and genetic data on animals, with the primary objective of managing zoo populations for species conservation.…”

“…Insofar as hematologic values reflect animal health, nutrition, and body condition, we would also expect hematology to vary with these demographic and environmental factors. Indeed, hematologic studies in other species have shown that younger ruminants often have higher hematocrit and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglo-bin concentration (MCHC) compared to older animals (Pospisil, 1985;Perez et al, 2003;Brun-Hansen, 2006). It has also been noted that males often have higher hematocrit than females (Lumsden, 1980;Perez et al, 2003), and seasonal variability in hematologic values has been demonstrated in other species such as tortoises (Lawrence, 1987) and dolphins (Hall et al, 2007).…”

Evaluation of Hematologic Values in Free-Ranging African Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)

“…The reference intervals and means for the 420 TB-negative buffalo over the age of 1 yr are reported in Table 1 and compared to published values for captive African buffalo, cattle, and bison. The free-ranging buffalo tested in this study had higher WBC counts than those recorded for captive buffalo by both Pospisil (1985) and ISIS (2007). The average values for MCHC, WBC counts, and neutrophils for our sample of buffalo fall above the reference ranges published for cattle, while the buffalo average for MCV falls below the published cattle range.…”

“…This may have influenced our reference ranges, especially the wide variability of the leukograms. Two of the comparison studies had sample sizes of less than 40 (Pospisil, 1985;ISIS, 2007), so that minimum-maximum ranges, rather than reference ranges, were shown. Despite these difficulties, the differences in hematology between cattle and captive and free-ranging buffalo emphasize the importance of using species-specific ref- F is the test statistic from which significant levels (P values) for general linear models are calculated.…”

“…We compare our results for free-ranging African buffalo with published hematologic data from captive African buffalo (Pospisil et al, 1985;International Species Information System [ISIS], 2007), American bison (Bos bison; Miller et al, 1989), and cattle (Bos taurus; Smith, 2001). The ISIS maintains an electronic central database of animals held in zoological institutions, and 676 member institutions provide health and genetic data on animals, with the primary objective of managing zoo populations for species conservation.…”

“…Insofar as hematologic values reflect animal health, nutrition, and body condition, we would also expect hematology to vary with these demographic and environmental factors. Indeed, hematologic studies in other species have shown that younger ruminants often have higher hematocrit and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglo-bin concentration (MCHC) compared to older animals (Pospisil, 1985;Perez et al, 2003;Brun-Hansen, 2006). It has also been noted that males often have higher hematocrit than females (Lumsden, 1980;Perez et al, 2003), and seasonal variability in hematologic values has been demonstrated in other species such as tortoises (Lawrence, 1987) and dolphins (Hall et al, 2007).…”

Evaluation of Hematologic Values in Free-Ranging African Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)

“…The reference intervals and means for the 420 TB-negative buffalo over the age of 1 yr are reported in Table 1 and compared to published values for captive African buffalo, cattle, and bison. The free-ranging buffalo tested in this study had higher WBC counts than those recorded for captive buffalo by both Pospisil (1985) and ISIS (2007). The average values for MCHC, WBC counts, and neutrophils for our sample of buffalo fall above the reference ranges published for cattle, while the buffalo average for MCV falls below the published cattle range.…”

“…This may have influenced our reference ranges, especially the wide variability of the leukograms. Two of the comparison studies had sample sizes of less than 40 (Pospisil, 1985;ISIS, 2007), so that minimum-maximum ranges, rather than reference ranges, were shown. Despite these difficulties, the differences in hematology between cattle and captive and free-ranging buffalo emphasize the importance of using species-specific ref- F is the test statistic from which significant levels (P values) for general linear models are calculated.…”

“…We compare our results for free-ranging African buffalo with published hematologic data from captive African buffalo (Pospisil et al, 1985;International Species Information System [ISIS], 2007), American bison (Bos bison; Miller et al, 1989), and cattle (Bos taurus; Smith, 2001). The ISIS maintains an electronic central database of animals held in zoological institutions, and 676 member institutions provide health and genetic data on animals, with the primary objective of managing zoo populations for species conservation.…”

“…Insofar as hematologic values reflect animal health, nutrition, and body condition, we would also expect hematology to vary with these demographic and environmental factors. Indeed, hematologic studies in other species have shown that younger ruminants often have higher hematocrit and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglo-bin concentration (MCHC) compared to older animals (Pospisil, 1985;Perez et al, 2003;Brun-Hansen, 2006). It has also been noted that males often have higher hematocrit than females (Lumsden, 1980;Perez et al, 2003), and seasonal variability in hematologic values has been demonstrated in other species such as tortoises (Lawrence, 1987) and dolphins (Hall et al, 2007).…”