Baseline characteristics of participants in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Mulligan, Roseann; Phelan, Joan; Brunelle, Janet A.; Redford, Maryann; Pogoda, Janice M.; Nelson, Evelyn; Seirawan, Hazem; Greenspan, John S.; Navazesh, Mahvash; Greenspan, Deborah; Alves, Mario

doi:10.1111/j.0301-5661.2004.00128.x

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Older studies (8, 9, 13) as well as more recent studies (6, 36, 38) have reported lower levels of periodontal disease in HIV+ patients, compared to the level of PD in our cohort. Reasons for this may be due to: 1) how authors defined periodontal disease, 2) the methodology used to collect periodontal data, 3) the distribution of patient characteristics within cohorts (especially immune and medication-related), and 4) the limited number of post-HAART era investigations on this topic.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

“…Reasons for this may be due to: 1) how authors defined periodontal disease, 2) the methodology used to collect periodontal data, 3) the distribution of patient characteristics within cohorts (especially immune and medication-related), and 4) the limited number of post-HAART era investigations on this topic. Some studies that found low levels of periodontal disease (6, 8, 9, 13, 38) used partial mouth examination techniques that are known to potentially underestimate PD (18) and have not, to our knowledge, been validated in an HIV-1 infected cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing traditionally defined periodontal disease in HIV+ adults

Vernon

Demko²,

Whalen

et al. 2009

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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The level and extent of PD were high in this cohort even though most patients were being treated with HAART. The definition of periodontal disease used and cohort characteristics examined can influence the level of periodontal disease reported in studies of persons with HIV. Traditional periodontal pathogens are associated with PD in this cohort. Those with CD4+ T-cell counts <200 cells/mm(3) are at greater risk for PD. Therefore, earlier HAART initiation may decrease exposure to immunosuppression and reduce PD morbidity. Continuity of dental care remains important for HIV+ patients even when they are being treated with HAART.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing traditionally defined periodontal disease in HIV+ adults

Vernon

Demko²,

Whalen

et al. 2009

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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“…They observed linear gingival erythema (LGE) and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) in patients comparable to our group B only but not the A nor C groups. They also reported that necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) occurred with similar prevalence in groups A and B, but not in C. These studies support the suggestion that the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has modified the prevalence and course of periodontal disease in HIV-positive patients [12,13,35,36] with reduced incidence of periodontal damage [37-39]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study

2013

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BackgroundThe immunosuppresion in HIV patients makes them highly susceptible to microbial infections. The aim of the study was to establish whether HIV stage (as depicted by CD4+ T lymphocyte counts) could independently be associated with periodontal status (as revealed by the measurement of clinical indices).MethodsOne hundred and twenty HIV-infected patients attending an infectious diseases clinic in the Western Cape, South Africa were included in the study. The periodontal clinical indices such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment levels were measured on the mesial aspect of the six Ramfjord teeth. The CD4 + T cell counts were taken from the patients’ medical records and patients’ HIV stage determined and grouped according to their CD4+ T cell counts into A (<200 cells /mm3), B (200–500 cells /mm3) and C (>500 cells /mm3).ResultsThe mean age of 120 HIV-positive patients was 33.25 years and the mean CD4 + T cell count was 293.43 cells/mm3. The probing depth and clinical attachment loss were found to be significantly associated with the total CD4 + T cell counts but not with HIV stage. Significant correlations were found between age and all clinical indices except for clinical attachment loss. No correlation was found between age and HIV stage of the patients. The use of antiretroviral therapy was significantly associated with probing depth and clinical attachment loss, but not with plaque nor gingival index. Significant associations were observed between smoking and all of the clinical indices except for the gingival index. A significant association was observed between the use of interdental aids and all the clinical indices except for probing depth, while brushing was significantly associated with plaque index only. CD4 + T cell counts were significantly associated with brushing frequency (p = 0.0190) and the use of interdental aids (p = 0.0170).ConclusionThe findings of this study conclude that HIV stage, ART and age are not independent risk factors for changes in the periodontal status of HIV-positive subjects but rather that smoking and oral hygiene habits determine their susceptibility to disease.

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“…A great difference was observed in HIV patients, when salivary flow is reduced or lacking, which makes alterations in saliva an important cofactor in oral manifestations of disease [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Xerostomy, dental caries and periodontal disease in HIV+ patients

Filho¹,

Giovani²

2009

Braz J Infect Dis

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We studied xerostomy and its correlation with periodontal and dental cavity diseases in HIV patients, through measurement of salivary flow and through variables such as saliva buffer capacity, salivary pH, periodontal index, MDF index, dental carie risk and risk of periodontal disease. One hundred patients were analyzed. They were distributed into two groups: Group I (test) -50 patients evidently HIV + , from whom information was collected and analyzed regarding age, gender, skin color, habits, general and oral diseases, levels of T-CD4 lymphocytes, viral load and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); and Group II -(control) 50 HIV -patients, from whom information was collected and analyzed regarding age, gender, skin color, habits, general and oral diseases. In both groups, measurement of salivary flow, pH and buffer capacity was made. Group I presented high MDF, bacteria plaque and bleeding, with a greater susceptibility to the risks of oral cavities and periodontal disease. The salivary flow and the buffering capacity of the saliva were low, indicating a high level of xerostomy. Two important modifying factors influence these pathologies in an incisive way: one is immunossuppression and the other is HAART therapy. The control exhibited results that are closer to normality; it had better oral-health conditions.

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Baseline characteristics of participants in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Characterizing traditionally defined periodontal disease in HIV+ adults

Characterizing traditionally defined periodontal disease in HIV+ adults

Is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study

Xerostomy, dental caries and periodontal disease in HIV+ patients

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