Baseball bat injuries to the maxillofacial region caused by assault

Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence: Biological Anthropological Investigations at a Historic Urban Cemetery

“…Alternatively, in the United States, R. E. King et al (2004) illustrate the growing prevalence of gun crime as an etiological factor in mandibular fractures, as opposed to RTAs, which had previously been the most common cause. Similarly, blunt trauma to the head and face in the United States has also been noted to have increasingly been inflicted using baseball bats (Ord and Benian 1995). These examples illustrate not only the extent to which patterns of violence are culturally specific but also the way changes in such patterning may be directly discerned in injury prevalence rates.…”

“…One of the most obvious ways in which such variation might exist is in relation to gender. Gregory Luna et al (2001:464) found that 81 percent of patients with intentional injuries were male, while in Robert Ord and M. Benian's (1995) study of baseball bat injuries in Baltimore, 93 percent of victims were male. Similar gender biases have been observed for the specific injuries discussed.…”

Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence: Biological Anthropological Investigations at a Historic Urban Cemetery

“…Alternatively, in the United States, R. E. King et al (2004) illustrate the growing prevalence of gun crime as an etiological factor in mandibular fractures, as opposed to RTAs, which had previously been the most common cause. Similarly, blunt trauma to the head and face in the United States has also been noted to have increasingly been inflicted using baseball bats (Ord and Benian 1995). These examples illustrate not only the extent to which patterns of violence are culturally specific but also the way changes in such patterning may be directly discerned in injury prevalence rates.…”

“…One of the most obvious ways in which such variation might exist is in relation to gender. Gregory Luna et al (2001:464) found that 81 percent of patients with intentional injuries were male, while in Robert Ord and M. Benian's (1995) study of baseball bat injuries in Baltimore, 93 percent of victims were male. Similar gender biases have been observed for the specific injuries discussed.…”

The influence of striking object characteristics on the impact energy

“…There have been a number of studies presenting cases where a specific weapon was used and describing the injury it caused [5][6][7][8]. But if one wants to analyze and compare different hitting instruments, their injury potential has to be examined.…”

Impact energy of everyday items used for assault

“…For instance, a blow to the chest with a golf club, which ended deadly [1], or blows to the eyes, which lead to the loss of eyesight [2]. Baseball bats are dangerous weapons as proven in multiple cases with resulting injuries ranging from bone fractures to deadly injuries to the chest and head [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The variety of objects used as hitting instruments in forensic casework is infinite, because anything within the perpetrator's reach can be used for this purpose as long as it can be lifted off the ground and accelerated.…”

Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence: Biological Anthropological Investigations at a Historic Urban Cemetery

“…Alternatively, in the United States, R. E. King et al (2004) illustrate the growing prevalence of gun crime as an etiological factor in mandibular fractures, as opposed to RTAs, which had previously been the most common cause. Similarly, blunt trauma to the head and face in the United States has also been noted to have increasingly been inflicted using baseball bats (Ord and Benian 1995). These examples illustrate not only the extent to which patterns of violence are culturally specific but also the way changes in such patterning may be directly discerned in injury prevalence rates.…”

“…One of the most obvious ways in which such variation might exist is in relation to gender. Gregory Luna et al (2001:464) found that 81 percent of patients with intentional injuries were male, while in Robert Ord and M. Benian's (1995) study of baseball bat injuries in Baltimore, 93 percent of victims were male. Similar gender biases have been observed for the specific injuries discussed.…”

The influence of striking object characteristics on the impact energy

“…There have been a number of studies presenting cases where a specific weapon was used and describing the injury it caused [5][6][7][8]. But if one wants to analyze and compare different hitting instruments, their injury potential has to be examined.…”

Impact energy of everyday items used for assault

“…For instance, a blow to the chest with a golf club, which ended deadly [1], or blows to the eyes, which lead to the loss of eyesight [2]. Baseball bats are dangerous weapons as proven in multiple cases with resulting injuries ranging from bone fractures to deadly injuries to the chest and head [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The variety of objects used as hitting instruments in forensic casework is infinite, because anything within the perpetrator's reach can be used for this purpose as long as it can be lifted off the ground and accelerated.…”

Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence: Biological Anthropological Investigations at a Historic Urban Cemetery

“…Alternatively, in the United States, R. E. King et al (2004) illustrate the growing prevalence of gun crime as an etiological factor in mandibular fractures, as opposed to RTAs, which had previously been the most common cause. Similarly, blunt trauma to the head and face in the United States has also been noted to have increasingly been inflicted using baseball bats (Ord and Benian 1995). These examples illustrate not only the extent to which patterns of violence are culturally specific but also the way changes in such patterning may be directly discerned in injury prevalence rates.…”

“…One of the most obvious ways in which such variation might exist is in relation to gender. Gregory Luna et al (2001:464) found that 81 percent of patients with intentional injuries were male, while in Robert Ord and M. Benian's (1995) study of baseball bat injuries in Baltimore, 93 percent of victims were male. Similar gender biases have been observed for the specific injuries discussed.…”

The influence of striking object characteristics on the impact energy

“…There have been a number of studies presenting cases where a specific weapon was used and describing the injury it caused [5][6][7][8]. But if one wants to analyze and compare different hitting instruments, their injury potential has to be examined.…”

Impact energy of everyday items used for assault

“…For instance, a blow to the chest with a golf club, which ended deadly [1], or blows to the eyes, which lead to the loss of eyesight [2]. Baseball bats are dangerous weapons as proven in multiple cases with resulting injuries ranging from bone fractures to deadly injuries to the chest and head [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The variety of objects used as hitting instruments in forensic casework is infinite, because anything within the perpetrator's reach can be used for this purpose as long as it can be lifted off the ground and accelerated.…”