Barrier contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases in women: a comparison of female-dependent methods and condoms.

Rosenberg, Michael J.; Davidson, A.; Chen, Jianhua; Judson, F N; Douglas, John M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.82.5.669

Cited by 120 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…New formulations and compounds with broad spectrum anti-STD activity should be considered as possible solutions. 14,15 The Designed Antibiotic Peptide (DAP) used in this study is a synthetic peptide antibiotic similar to naturally occurring cecropins 16 or defensins. 17 DAPs have a broad spectrum of in vitro activity for a variety of pathogens including Neisseria gonorrhea, Gardnerella, Candida, Chlamydia, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Lushbaugh¹,

Blossom²,

Shah³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. D2A21, a novel peptide antibiotic has in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). In this study we tested the hypothesis that intravaginal D2A21 would interfere with acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in a modified mouse model. T. vaginalis infections of estrogenized young mice pretreated with Lactobacillus vaginalis or Lactobacillus rhamnosus were more frequent and persistent than those in mice pre-treated with Lactobacillus gasseri or Lactobacillus acidophilus. One hundred percent T. vaginalis infection was achieved for 2-4 days post-challenge when intravaginal L. rhamnosus pre-treatments were given to estrogenized mice 48 hr prior to a single T. vaginalis challenge. Estrogenized mice pre-treated with L. rhamnosus were pre-medicated with intravaginal placebo gel, 0.5% or 2% D2A21 gel, or 500 g/mL metronidazole gel prior to T. vaginalis challenge. Both 2% D2A21 and metronidazole gels were significantly more efficacious (10% or none infected) than placebo gel (53% infected) in preventing vaginal T. vaginalis infections in mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Lushbaugh¹,

Blossom²,

Shah³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Indeed, in the study by Rosenburg et al, the prevalence of trichomoniasis, a non-cervical infection, was also lower among diaphragm users. 25 Similarly, in the study by Wright et al, diaphragm users had a later age of first sexual intercourse than did pill or intrauterine device (IUD) users. 32 Thirdly, the comparison groups varied and consisted of either women using non-barrier methods or not using contraception.…”

Section: Cervical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…22 Cervical barrier method options have expanded from traditional latex diaphragms and cervical caps to include newer products made from silicone, such as the SILCS diaphragm, Lea's shield, Oves cervical cap, and FemCap (see fig 1). 22 A recent review concluded that observational studies offer evidence that the diaphragm protects against STI pathogens, 17 including gonorrhoea, [23][24][25][26] pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 27 28 tubal infertility, 29 and cervical dysplasia. [30][31][32] These data are summarised in table 2 and were described by Moench et al 17 There are several limitations to these data.…”

Section: Cervical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of female controlled barrier methods in preventing sexually transmitted infections and HIV: current evidence and future research directions

Minnis

Padian²

2005

Sexually Transmitted Infections

101

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Objectives: To evaluate evidence for the effectiveness of female controlled physical and chemical barrier methods in preventing STI/HIV transmission, to examine recent reviews on microbicide development, and to highlight promising research directions. To discuss challenges in conducting effectiveness research and in translating results to public health intervention. Methods: Systematic review of articles that examined the disease prevention effectiveness of at least one female controlled barrier method. Review of conference abstracts that presented clinical and preclinical microbicide data. Results: Randomised controlled trials provide evidence that female condoms confer as much protection from STIs as male condoms. Observational studies suggest that the diaphragm protects against STI pathogens. Several microbicide effectiveness studies are under way and new directions, such as adaptation of therapeutic agents as preventive products, are being examined. Substantial attention is now given to product formulation and novel delivery strategies. Combining microbicide products with different mechanisms of action as well as combining chemical and physical barriers will be necessary to maximise prevention effectiveness. Conclusions: Increased investment in the development and identification of female controlled barrier methods offers promise that additional products will be available in the years ahead. Generalising trial results to a community setting, promoting products that may be less effective than male condoms, and bringing an effective product to scale introduce public health challenges that warrant attention. The need for female controlled barrier methods that provide women with the opportunity to take an active role in reducing their STI/HIV risk are urgently needed and constitute an essential tool to prevent continued spread of these infections.

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“…2 It is plausible that the diaphragm could be protective because it covers the cervix, which is more susceptible to infection with HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhoea than the vaginal mucosa. Early observational studies suggested that the diaphragm prevents STIs, 3,4 although diaphragm users may have been at lower risk for other reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding to the menu of modern methods - the diaphragm

Holmes

2010

Sex. Health

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Barrier contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases in women: a comparison of female-dependent methods and condoms.

Cited by 120 publications

References 37 publications

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Effectiveness of female controlled barrier methods in preventing sexually transmitted infections and HIV: current evidence and future research directions

Adding to the menu of modern methods - the diaphragm

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