BaroWavelet: An R-based tool for dynamic baroreflex evaluation through wavelet analysis techniques

CardioRVAR: A New R Package and Shiny Application for the Evaluation of Closed-Loop Cardiovascular Interactions

“…While these estimates were computed through the Gaussian-weighting and the maximum coherence procedures, they share several properties already described for open-vs. closed-loop estimates [5]: type I open-loop estimates tend to be higher than type II estimates, and closed-loop estimates tend to be smaller than open-loop ones, as shown in Table 3. The overall significant dif-ferences found between the estimates also correlate with other results reported in the literature [16,35,39], validating the ability of CardioRVAR to identify these features. Figure 11A shows changes in baroreflex sensitivity estimates assessed by the Cardi-oRVAR after applying McLoone and Ringwood's weighting method to the computed VAR models for all patients, excluding subjects 5 and 10 from the B series due to their baroreflex impairment as in [16], showing significant differences between the supine and standing dynamics.…”

“…We also tested the tool on the open-access EUROBAVAR data set, as done in previous works in the literature [34,35,38,39], including the evaluation of our previous contribution [16]. Preliminary results from the closed-loop BRS assessment from the EUROBAVAR data have been previously presented at a Spanish Society of Physiological Sciences meeting [41].…”

“…Figure 11A shows changes in baroreflex sensitivity estimates assessed by the Car-dioRVAR after applying McLoone and Ringwood's weighting method to the computed VAR models for all patients, excluding subjects 5 and 10 from the B series due to their baroreflex impairment as in [16], showing significant differences between the supine and standing positions for the HF band (p < 0.001) and the LF band (p < 0.001), with supine-tostanding rations of (mean ± S.D.) 3.21 ± 1.44 and 1.98 ± 0.88 for each band, respectively.…”

“…The second analysis consists of a comparison of estimates produced from the tool from five individual normotensive subjects and seven hypertensive subjects in the context of HUT sessions. In the final analysis, estimates computed with the tool from subjects from the EUROBAVAR data set [34] are compared in the supine and standing positions, a validation strategy already used in other works [16,35,38,39]. For these two last analyses, the normality of distributions in the former analysis and of the difference in distributions in the latter is tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test.…”

“…In the R statistical environment, the authors have recently proposed a software tool for the determination of spontaneous BRS changes using wavelet analyses [16]. In addition, we highlight R-based package grangers (https://github.com/MatFar88/grangers (accessed on 30 August 2023)), by Farnè and Montanari and based on their work [17], which allows causal analysis between pairs of signals.…”