“…Empirical tests of the model have verified that interest rate risk, measured using rate volatility, is positively related to bank interest margins (HS; Angbazo, 1997;Saunders & Schumacher, 2000;Maudos & De Guevara, 2004;Valverde & Fernández, 2007;Hawtrey & Liang, 2008). Also credit risk is found to influence margins positively, suggesting that banks add a default risk premium to loan rates (HS; Angbazo, 1997;Maudos & De Guevara, 2004;Hawtrey & Liang, 2008).…”