Bactericidal properties of a new water disinfectant

Williams, D. E.; Worley, S. D.; Wheatley, W. B.; Swango, L J

doi:10.1128/aem.49.3.637-643.1985

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…After incubation for 48 hours at 3TC, the plates were read for viable bacteria. The techniques used in these laboratories for microbiological analyses have been well documented (Williams et al, 1985. The aqueous solutions used to prewash the column were all prepared from distilled, deionized water that had been rendered chlorine-demand-free by prechiorination with 4 mg/i sodium hypochiorite followed by dechlorination in sunlight.…”

Section: Disinfection Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT¹

Sun

Chen

Habercom

et al. 1996

J American Water Resour Assoc

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A new insoluble N‐halamine polymeric disinfectant material has been tested in a water filter application to determine (1) its tendencies to leach undesirable decomposition products, (2) its range of potential applicability, and (3) its regenerability. In flowing water tests, poly‐1,3‐dichloro‐5‐methyl‐5‐(4‘‐vinylphenyl)hydantoin (Poly‐I) leached only small amounts of total organic carbon, free and total chlorine, anions, and volatile organics such as trihalomethanes. Furthermore, Poly‐I provided bactericidal efficacy over the pH range 4.5 to 9.5 and at temperatures as high as 37°C. Poly‐I is deactivated by reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate and by ethanol; following deactivation, it can be regenerated by exposure to flowing aqueous free chlorine. Poly‐I appears suitable for use as a biocidal filter for small potable and recreational waters, for it is effective over a wide pH and temperature range and is readily regenerable. It would not be useful, however, for disinfection of large bodies of water such as in city treatment plants because of its cost and the large amount of the material that would be necessary.

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Section: Disinfection Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT¹

Sun

Chen

Habercom

et al. 1996

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…Chlorinated compounds have been used for disinfection purposes since the early 1900s due to their effective bactericidal action 1. They can act either as free small species, such as HOCl or NaOCl (which are considered to be the most effective disinfectants for water and clinical purposes),2–5 attached to amino containing compounds ( N ‐halamines), such as halogenated isoxazoles and halogenated imidazoles,6–11 or attached to high molecular weight compounds ( N ‐halamine polymers) 12–16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic profiling can differentiate between bactericidal effects of free and polymer bound halogen

Ahmed¹,

Wardell²,

Thumser³

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The mechanism of bacterial cell death by the action of halogenated compounds is still 2 not clear. The aim of this research work is to use metabolomics to differentiate 3 between apparently dissimilar mechanisms of bacterial cell death by the action of 4 halogenated compounds. Two halogenated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and N-5 halamine polymers) were selected for this study and their effect was examined against 6Escherichia coli. Changes in the intracellular metabolite pools of bacterial cells 7 treated with different formulations of these compounds were analysed using FT-IR 8 spectroscopy and LC-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to generate 9 metabolic profiles. 10The study proved that the halogen containing compounds had an effect on the 11 bacterial intracellular metabolite profile. In addition, an effect was noticed for the 12 non-halogenated heterocyclic polymers. The mode of action of N-halamine polymer 13 is assumed to be a combination of contact, release and changes in the nature of the 14 medium around the cells. We think that the non-halogenated polymers may disturb 15 the ionic equilibrium between intra-and extra-cellular positive charges which result 16 in a deleterious effect on the bacteria cells. into the aqueous environment, in addition to direct contact between the solid polymer 6 material and the bacterial cells. Moreover, the metabolic profiles were able to 7 differentiate between the effect of free and polymer-bound halogen. Our metabolomic 8 approach was employed for hypothesis generation in order to distinguish apparently 9 different bactericidal effects of free and polymer-bound halogen. 10 11

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“…Agent I was synthesized and purified in the laboratory using the techniques of Kosugi et al (1976) as modified by Williams et al (1985). Calcium hypochlorite, obtained commercially (HTH; Olin Chemicals Corporation, New Haven, CT; 65% active chlorine, 35% inert ingredients), was used to chlorinate the precursor compound in situ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies in these laboratories have indicated the potential for using certain organic Nchloramines as broad spectrum disinfectants Worley et al 1981Worley et al , 1983aWorley et al , 1983bWorley et al , 1984aWorley et al , 1985Worley & Burkett 1984;Williams et al 1985). Of these compounds 3chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, herein referred to as agent I, was first prepared and shown t o be bactericidal by Kaminski et al (1976) and by Kosugi et al (1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bactericidal properties of an organic N‐chloramine formed in situ

Elder

Worley

Williams

1987

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Agent I (3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone) formed in situ was compared with pre-formed agent I as a disinfectant against Staphylococcus aureus. In situ formation involved combining the non-chlorinated oxazolidinone precursor with calcium hypochlorite to form 5 and 10 mg/l total chlorine concentrations of agent I. The variables included in the study were temperature, pH and concentration. Overall the bacteria were killed more rapidly at 22 degrees than at 4 degrees C. The in situ formation appeared to occur most rapidly at pH 7.0, slightly slower at pH 9.5, and very slowly at pH 4.5 as evidenced by the presence of residual free chlorine. In the in situ experimental runs the 5 and 10 mg/l concentrations were equally effective in obtaining a six log decline in cfu/ml. This study indicates the potential for using the organic N-chloramine as a general purpose disinfectant while omitting the laboratory synthesis of the final product.

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Bactericidal properties of a new water disinfectant

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT¹

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT¹

Metabolomic profiling can differentiate between bactericidal effects of free and polymer bound halogen

Bactericidal properties of an organic N‐chloramine formed in situ

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Bactericidal properties of a new water disinfectant

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT1

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT1

Metabolomic profiling can differentiate between bactericidal effects of free and polymer bound halogen

Bactericidal properties of an organic N‐chloramine formed in situ

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Product

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PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT¹

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW POLYMERIC WATER DISINFECTANT¹