Bacterial vaginosis: comparison of Pap smear and microbiological test results

Tokyol, Çiğdem; Aktepe, Orhan Cem; Cevrioğlu, Arif Serhan; Altındiş, Mustafa; Dılek, Fatma Hüsniye

doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800132

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Regarding the method for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, although Amsel's criteria are more often used in the clinical setting [28], the Nugent scoring system has a higher reproducibility [29], with comparable sensitivity and specificity to the former criteria [28, 30, 31]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Mascarenhas

Machado

Silva

et al. 2012

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and genital candidiasis are considered the main etiologies of vulvovaginitis. Few studies estimate the prevalence of vulvovaginitis among adolescents, especially in Brazil. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and main risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis and genital infection by C. albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis among a group of adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. One hundred sexually active adolescents followed at an adolescent gynecology clinic were included. Endocervical and vaginal samples were obtained during gynecological examination. Nugent criteria were applied for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. For Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis detection, culture in Sabouraud agar plates and Papanicolaou cytology were used, respectively. The mean age of participants was 16.6 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 20% (95% CI 12–28) and of genital infection by Candida was 22% (95% CI 14–30). Vaginal cytology detected Trichomonas vaginalis in one patient. Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use (P = 0.02) and multiple lifetime partners were statistically related to bacterial vaginosis (P = 0.01). The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and genital candidiasis was similar to other studies carried out among adolescents worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Mascarenhas

Machado

Silva

et al. 2012

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…The Pap smear was also specific, with a range of 94% to 98%. Each of the studies concluded that the Pap smear would give accurate diagnostic results [44,45,48]. A large study was undertaken by Giacomini et al [47] in 1997.…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The vaginal flora shifts from the dominant aerobic Lactobacillus to predominantly anaerobic organisms including G. vaginalis, Bacteroides species, Mobiluncus species, and Mycoplasma hominis [44,45]. Under normal circumstances, lactobacilli produce an acidic medium in the vagina by the production of hydrogen peroxide, which transforms glycogen to lactic acid.…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of a Diagnosis of Microorganisms on Pap Smear

Fitzhugh¹,

Heller²

2008

Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease

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The Pap smear has been in use for more than half a century as the primary screening test for preinvasive and invasive lesions of the uterine cervix. Although not the primary use and an imperfect test, it can be extremely useful in the diagnosis of some microorganisms. This review focuses on the use of the Pap smear in the diagnosis of several microorganisms including Actinomyces, Chlamydia trachomatis, Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leptothrix vaginalis, Herpes Simplex Virus, the causative agents of bacterial vaginosis, and other rarer organisms. The accuracy of diagnosis using the smear varies among the different organisms in question.

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“…Although the Pap test is not designed to diagnose the presence of microorganisms, its use for this purpose until the present day is a routine and remains controvsial [12,13]. When comparing its performance to that end, encouraging results are found in the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis [10,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Pap smears: Frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis and pill use or copper intrauterine device use

Alves

Nunes²,

Fakhouri³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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Objective: To verify the frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp. Trichomonas vaginalis in pap smears and the presence of these when using the copper intrauterine device or the oral contraceptive. Method:The analysis of 119,312 examinations of women seen by the public health system in the Northeast region of Brazil from the period from January 2006 to December 2010. The variables analyzed were age, frequency of microorganisms, contraceptive use, type of contraception adopted correlated with the presence of microorganisms. Results:The average age among the women was 33.4 ± 11.15 years.The most frequent microorganism, Gardnerella vaginalis, was found in 16,137 examinations, followed by Candida spp. in Trichomonas vaginalis and the 12,661 in 2023. The use of oral contraceptives was found in 21,792 women, and these, showed the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis in 1054, Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in 687 in 133 tests. Regarding the use of use of copper intrauterine device, used by 18,894 women, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in 964, Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in 595 in 122 of the cases.

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Bacterial vaginosis: comparison of Pap smear and microbiological test results

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Significance of a Diagnosis of Microorganisms on Pap Smear

Pap smears: Frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis and pill use or copper intrauterine device use

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