Bacterial Resistance to Host Defence Peptides

Phoenix, David A.; Dennison, Sarah Rachel; Harris, Frederick

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32949-9_7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Conditions of pH play a variable role in the interactions of AMPs and microbes. One one hand, it can play a role in the protection of these organisms by contributing to the proton motive force (PMF) of the CM and thereby power efflux pumps that extrude AMPs . Low pH can exert a protective effect by promoting the membrane anchoring of cell wall enzymes and thereby shield these organisms from AMPs. , Acidic conditions have also been shown to promote resistance to AMPs in soil bacteria and to inhibit the antibacterial activity of endogenous human peptides, such as defensins and LL-37, to organisms found in lungs. , On the other hand, PMF-dependent efflux pumps also appear to be able to import porcine, bovine, and other AMPs, thereby promoting their activity. − The promotion of antimicrobial action by low pH has been reported for a number of AMPs, including human hepcidins, gads, clavanins and styelins from marine organisms, and a range of synthetic peptides, − along with the anticancer activity of a variety of AMPs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One one hand, it can play a role in the protection of these organisms by contributing to the proton motive force (PMF) of the CM 106 and thereby power efflux pumps that extrude AMPs. 107 Low pH can exert a protective effect by promoting the membrane anchoring of cell wall enzymes and thereby shield these organisms from AMPs. 108,109 Acidic conditions have also been shown to promote resistance to AMPs in soil bacteria 92 and to inhibit the antibacterial activity of endogenous human peptides, such as defensins and LL-37, to organisms found in lungs.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low pH Enhances the Action of Maximin H5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Helps Mediate Lysylated Phosphatidylglycerol-Induced Resistance

et al. 2016

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Maximin H5 (MH5) is an amphibian antimicrobial peptide specifically targeting Staphylococcus aureus. At pH 6, the peptide showed an improved ability to penetrate (ΔΠ = 6.2 mN m–1) and lyse (lysis = 48%) Staphylococcus aureus membrane mimics, which incorporated physiological levels of lysylated phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG, 60%), compared to that at pH 7 (ΔΠ = 5.6 mN m–1 and lysis = 40% at pH 7) where levels of Lys-PG are lower (40%). The peptide therefore appears to have optimal function at pH levels known to be optimal for the organism’s growth. MH5 killed S. aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration of 90 μM) via membranolytic mechanisms that involved the stabilization of α-helical structure (approximately 45–50%) and showed similarities to the “Carpet” mechanism based on its ability to increase the rigidity (C s –1 = 109.94 mN m–1) and thermodynamic stability (ΔG mix = −3.0) of physiologically relevant S. aureus membrane mimics at pH 6. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this mechanism might involve the use of a tilted peptide structure, and efficacy was noted to vary inversely with the Lys-PG content of S. aureus membrane mimics for each pH studied (R 2 ∼ 0.97), which led to the suggestion that under biologically relevant conditions, low pH helps mediate Lys-PG-induced resistance in S. aureus to MH5 antibacterial action. The peptide showed a lack of hemolytic activity (<2% hemolysis) and merits further investigation as a potential template for development as an antistaphylococcal agent in medically and biotechnically relevant areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low pH Enhances the Action of Maximin H5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Helps Mediate Lysylated Phosphatidylglycerol-Induced Resistance

et al. 2016

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“…Additionally, certain AMPs target intracellular components by passing through the lipid bilayer and inhibit cellular processes including protein and nucleic acid production [ 143 ]. The mechanism of action of AMPs on bacterial membranes has been thoroughly studied in several models, including the carpet model [ 144 ], the toroidal pore model [ 145 ], and the barrel–stave mechanism [ 146 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptides: Novel Peptide-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides: The Production of Novel Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Plant Systems

Tiwari,

Srivastava,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Life

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The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is alarming and has a significant impact on the economies of emerging and underdeveloped nations. The redundancy of antibiotic discovery platforms (ADPs) and injudicious use of conventional antibiotics has severely impacted millions, across the globe. Potent antimicrobials from biological sources have been extensively explored as a ray of hope to counter the growing menace of antibiotic resistance in the population. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gaining momentum as powerful antimicrobial therapies to combat drug-resistant bacterial strains. The tremendous therapeutic potential of natural and synthesized AMPs as novel and potent antimicrobials is highlighted by their unique mode of action, as exemplified by multiple research initiatives. Recent advances and developments in antimicrobial discovery and research have increased our understanding of the structure, characteristics, and function of AMPs; nevertheless, knowledge gaps still need to be addressed before these therapeutic options can be fully exploited. This thematic article provides a comprehensive insight into the potential of AMPs as potent arsenals to counter drug-resistant pathogens, a historical overview and recent advances, and their efficient production in plants, defining novel upcoming trends in drug discovery and research. The advances in synthetic biology and plant-based expression systems for AMP production have defined new paradigms in the efficient production of potent antimicrobials in plant systems, a prospective approach to countering drug-resistant pathogens.

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“…AMPs thus displays antibacterial efficacy because of intracellular inhibitory mechanisms. Unfortunately, these aspects remain elusive, various models used to explain the AMP mechanism of action on bacterial membrane are Barrel-stave mechanism [ 115 ] Carpet model [ 116 ] and Toroidal pore model [ 117 ] (Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Insights Into Mechanism Of Action Of Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini Review on Antimicrobial Peptides, Sources, Mechanism and Recent Applications

Boparai

Sharma

2019

PPL

162

103

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Antimicrobial peptides in recent years have gained increased interest among scientists, health professionals and the pharmaceutical companies owing to their therapeutic potential. These are low molecular weight proteins with broad range antimicrobial and immuno modulatory activities against infectious bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative), viruses and fungi. Inability of micro-organisms to develop resistance against most of the antimicrobial peptide has made them as an efficient product which can greatly impact the new era of antimicrobials. In addition to this these peptides also demonstrates increased efficacy, high specificity, decreased drug interaction, low toxicity, biological diversity and direct attacking properties. Pharmaceutical industries are therefore conducting appropriate clinical trials to develop these peptides as potential therapeutic drugs. More than 60 peptide drugs have already reached the market and several hundreds of novel therapeutic peptides are in preclinical and clinical development. Rational designing can be used further to modify the chemical and physical properties of existing peptides. This mini review will discuss the sources, mechanism and recent therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides in treatment of infectious diseases.

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Bacterial Resistance to Host Defence Peptides

Cited by 5 publications

References 381 publications

Low pH Enhances the Action of Maximin H5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Helps Mediate Lysylated Phosphatidylglycerol-Induced Resistance

Low pH Enhances the Action of Maximin H5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Helps Mediate Lysylated Phosphatidylglycerol-Induced Resistance

Antimicrobial Peptides: The Production of Novel Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Plant Systems

Mini Review on Antimicrobial Peptides, Sources, Mechanism and Recent Applications

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