Bacterial flora of free-living Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) chicks on Prince Edward Island, Canada, with reference to enteric bacteria and antibiotic resistance

Dobbin, Greg; Hariharan, Harry; Daoust, Pierre‐Yves; Hariharan, Shebel; Heaney, Susan; Coles, Mada; Price, Lawrence J.; ANNEMUCKLE, C

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(04)00059-1

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Although metronidazole has not been used during rearing of turkeys for many years, the resistance to metronidazole in the present study was 76.3%, which is compatible with previous studies (3,31), while other studies found either low resistance (15) or that the investigated isolates showed no resistance at all (8). The evidence of increased resistance to sulphonamides has been discussed before (23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determination of Antimicrobial Sensitivities of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Commercial Turkey Farms in Germany

et al. 2012

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter isolates recovered from turkeys has increased dramatically. Monitoring the progress of this resistance becomes a growing public health issue. The aim of the present study was to provide information of the current status of antibiotic resistance patterns in Campylobacter jejuni from turkeys. Seventy-six C. jejuni isolates were recovered from 67 epidemiologically unrelated meat turkey flocks in different regions of Germany in 2010 and 2011. The isolates were typed by flaA genotyping and were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility against 12 antibiotics by using a broth microdilution test as well as testing the genetic determination of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. All isolates (n = 76) were sensitive to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. The numbers of isolates that were sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, and amoxicillin were 69 (90.8%), 61 (80.2%), 58 (76.4%), and 44 (57.9%), respectively. Only one isolate was sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The emergence of a high resistance rate and multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents were observed. The resistance against sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, naladixic acid, and tetracycline was 58 (76.3%), 58 (76.3%), 53 (69.7%), 51 (67.1%), and 42 (55.3%), respectively. None of the isolates was resistant to all antibiotics. Multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents was found and ranged from 3.9% to 40.8%. Replacement of the Thr-86-->Ile in gyrA gene and detection of the tet(O) gene were the main resistance mechanisms for fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, respectively, while the lack of mutation in position 2074 and 2075 on the 23S rRNA gene was responsible for macrolide resistance. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles were compatible in the case of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline but were not completely congruent with respect to erythromycin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determination of Antimicrobial Sensitivities of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Commercial Turkey Farms in Germany

et al. 2012

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“…It has been shown that free-living wildlife, especially waterfowl, may serve as reservoirs, and potentially sentinels, of zoonotic pathogens, most notably Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (White and Forrester, 1979;Fallacara et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2002;Dobbin et al, 2005;Middleton and Ambrose, 2005). Free-living raptors also are important sentinels for potential pathogens found in their environment (Winsor et al, 1981;Steele et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistance Characteristics of Enterococcus Spp. Isolated From Free-Living and Captive Raptors in Central Illinois

Marrow

Whittington

Mitchell

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Due to their predatory nature, raptor species may serve as important indicators of environmental contamination with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Raptors prey on small rodents and birds that have diverse habitat ranges, including urban and rural environments, and their intestinal microflora can reflect that of the animals on which they feed. Enterococcus spp. were selected as target organisms because they have been isolated from the avian gastrointestinal tract, can be conferred by prey items, and because they are capable of multiple resistance patterns. They are also a concerning source of human antimicrobial resistance. In this study fecal cultures were obtained from 15 May 2004 to 31 August 2004, from 21 free-living raptors and four captive raptors. Enterococcus was isolated from 21 (84%) of the 25 birds, and 54 isolates were chosen for further study based upon unique colony morphology. The most common isolate recovered was Enterococcus faecalis (95%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89-100). One bird in the study was determined to have Enterococcus gallinarum. Two distinct ribotypes of E. faecalis were identified, one with unique bands at 11 and 13 kb and the other with unique bands at 14 and 20 kb. Both ribotypes were found in free-living and captive birds. The Enterococcus isolates in this study demonstrated a variety of antimicrobial-resistance characteristics, including almost complete resistance to amikacin, first-generation cephalosporins, spectinomycin, and sulphadimethoxime. Isolates demonstrated variable resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, and ticarcillin. No phenotypically vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates were recovered from any of the raptors; three isolates had intermediate level susceptibility. A significantly higher number of isolates collected from captive birds demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol than those obtained from free-living birds. This trend was not duplicated with any of the remaining 18 antimicrobial drugs tested. The results of this study suggest that raptors in central Illinois are coming into contact with antimicrobials, prey exposed to antimicrobials, or bacteria that are capable of transferring resistance genes. Further study is needed to determine the source of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus in free-living raptors but the limited data reflecting few differences between birds with and without antimicrobial exposure suggests that treatment and release of treated wild raptors is not contributing significantly to antimicrobial resistance in the environment.

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“…Apart from enriching the aquatic ecosystems with chemical substances, water birds may be responsible for the microbial pollution of groundwater (Jones 2003) and surface water (Brieley et al 1975). Water birds can serve as reservoirs of bacteria pathogenic to humans, such as Escherichia coli (Kuhn et al 2002, Dobbin et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

May a cormorant colony be a source of coliform and chemical pollution in a lake?

Klimaszyk

2011

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Studies on the influence of a perennial cormorant colony on chemical and microbial pollution of a reservoir were conducted in Chrzypskie Lake. During the investigation carried out between 2009-2010 in the area of the colony, 155-175 breeding pairs were observed. High pollution of groundwater with biogenic elements and coliform bacteria (together with E. coli) was recorded within the boundaries of the colony. Pollutants migrated to the lake together with groundwater. Mean values of the analyzed forms of biogenic elements and bacteria formed a gradient from the highest values recorded near the colony to the lowest ones recorded in the central part of the lake.

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Bacterial flora of free-living Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) chicks on Prince Edward Island, Canada, with reference to enteric bacteria and antibiotic resistance

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Determination of Antimicrobial Sensitivities of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Commercial Turkey Farms in Germany

Determination of Antimicrobial Sensitivities of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Commercial Turkey Farms in Germany

Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistance Characteristics of Enterococcus Spp. Isolated From Free-Living and Captive Raptors in Central Illinois

May a cormorant colony be a source of coliform and chemical pollution in a lake?

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