Bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with different oral hygiene indexes

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with different oral hygiene indexes using of two 16S rRNA gene libraries. Each library was composed of samples from patients with different averages of the differentiated Silness-Löe biofilm index: the first library (A) with an index between 1.0 and 3.0 (considered a high index) and the second library (B) between 0 and 0.5 (considered a low index). Saliva DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and cloned. The obtained sequences were compared with those stored at NCBI and RDP GenBank. The saliva of patients with high index presented five known genera -Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella and Peptostreptococcus -and 33.3% of nonculturable bacteria grouped into 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The saliva of patients with low index differed significantly from the first library (p=0.000) and was composed of 42 OTUs distributed into 11 known genera -Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella, Oribacterium, Haemophilus, Escherichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga,.87% of nonculturable bacteria. It was possible to conclude that there is greater bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with low dental plaque in relation to patients with high dental plaque.

Exploring the salivary microbiome of children stratified by the oral hygiene index

“…The results of the alpha diversity analysis showed that the number of OTUs and Shannon index in the Moderate oral hygiene group were significantly higher than those in other two groups ( Fig 3 ). Pereira et al reported similar results as the present study, where greater bacterial diversity was found in the saliva of patients with low dental plaque than that of patients with high dental plaque [ 27 ]. It is accepted that the number of bacteria in saliva is inversely related to oral hygiene status, however it is not clear if the diversity of bacteria is affected by oral hygiene status.…”

“…This study found that the salivary microbiome of children varied depending on oral hygiene status evaluated by OHI-S. The oral cavity consists of a humid environment with relatively constant temperature between 34 and 36°C, neutral pH, and shelters a large variety of microorganisms due to its numerous anatomical structures [ 27 ]. Oral bacteria are organized as biofilms that are adapted to every niche within the mouth (for example on the tongue and teeth) as the result of variations in oxygen partial pressure, nutrient availability and so on.…”

“…Oral bacteria are organized as biofilms that are adapted to every niche within the mouth (for example on the tongue and teeth) as the result of variations in oxygen partial pressure, nutrient availability and so on. The predominant bacteria in saliva are commensal, that detach from the oral tissues [ 27 ], for example through bacterial enzymes that degrade biofilm matrix polymers [ 28 ]. Also, all epithelial surface cells desquamate, releasing adherent bacteria into the bathing saliva.…”

http://www.ijcmas.com/abstractview.php?ID=3029&vol=6-7-2017&SNo=54

“…In addition, the salivary microbiome has been shown to be highly diverse and dependent on lifestyle and diet (Nasidze et al, 2009(Nasidze et al, , 2011, including oral hygiene (Pereira et al, 2012). Thus, saliva may influence the bacterial profile of oral diseases.…”

Screening for prevalence and abundance of Capnocytophaga spp by analyzing NGS data: A scoping review

“…The question of oral hygiene is still a subject of debate: Some authors find no influence on the abundance of Capnocytophaga spp., regardless of the quality of oral hygiene (Mashima et al, 2017), whereas others find a higher abundance of Capnocytophaga spp. in the event of poor oral hygiene (Pereira, Leomil, Rodrigues-Albuquerque, Pereira, & Astolfi-Filho, 2012). Several authors have even reported a lower abundance of Capnocytophaga from throat swab samples from healthy Chinese volunteers, aged 18-21 years, during the winter heating period in polluted areas (Li et al, 2019).…”