Bacteria-Based Microdevices for the Oral Delivery of Macromolecules

Lin, Sisi; Liu, Jinyao

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13101610

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Thus, a pharmacological modulation of cell differentiation in the gut epithelium can increase the number of satiety hormone-producing cells [53,54,149]. New approaches, such as gene therapy and microbe-mediated drug delivery [150,151], are being developed to enable new therapeutic means in a safer way, and it will be exciting to see how these strategies will fare in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface

et al. 2022

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Obesity is caused by prolonged energy surplus. Current anti-obesity medications are mostly centralized around the energy input part of the energy balance equation by increasing satiety and reducing appetite. Our gastrointestinal tract is a key organ for regulation of food intake and supplies a tremendous number of circulating signals that modulate the activity of appetite-regulating areas of the brain by either direct interaction or through the vagus nerve. Intestinally derived messengers are manifold and include absorbed nutrients, microbial metabolites, gut hormones and other enterokines, collectively comprising a fine-tuned signalling system to the brain. After a meal, nutrients directly interact with appetite-inhibiting areas of the brain and induce satiety. However, overall feeding behaviour also depends on secretion of gut hormones produced by highly specialized and sensitive enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, circulating microbial metabolites and their interactions with enteroendocrine cells further contribute to the regulation of feeding patterns. Current therapies exploiting the appetite-regulating properties of the gut are based on chemically modified versions of the gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or on inhibitors of the primary GLP-1 inactivating enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The effectiveness of these approaches shows that that the gut is a promising target for therapeutic interventions to achieve significant weigh loss. We believe that increasing understanding of the functionality of the intestinal epithelium and new delivery systems will help develop selective and safe gut-based therapeutic strategies for improved obesity treatment in the future. Here, we provide an overview of the major homeostatic appetite-regulating signals generated by the intestinal epithelial cells and how these signals may be harnessed to treat obesity by pharmacological means.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface

et al. 2022

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“…By virtue of the selectivity and sensitivity, chemical decoration has been extensively applied in surface decoration of different materials. ,, Several common surface properties, such as the inherent negatively charged surface of the cell membrane, exist among different types of bacterial species. The key components of bacterial cell wall include proteins, sugars, and lipids, with functional groups (such as amino and sulfhydryl groups that are basically the same in different bacteria).…”

Section: Surface Coating Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated Bacteria: Advanced Living Materials for Microbial Therapy

Cao,

Liu

2024

Acc. Mater. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Living materials represent an emerging and innovative concept at the forefronts of materials science due to the distinctive living characteristics. Living organisms, such as microorganisms, plant cells, and mammalian cells, have been used as the major elements for the fabrication of living materials. Given the favorable features including reproductivity, genetic modifiability, adaptability, and cultivability, bacteria have received increasing attention for the development of engineered living materials. Particularly, owing to the inherent abilities to target and colonize specific in vivo sites, activate immune responses, and inhibit pathogens, bacteria play key roles in maintaining human health and have currently widely exploited as living materials for the preparation of therapeutic agents. However, caused by the innate immunogenicity, metabolic activity, and movability, the use of bacteria-based living materials for therapeutic applications often suffers from poor biosafety and insufficient bioavailability, inevitably resulting in low treatment efficacy. In order to address these challenges, extensive efforts have been invested in designing and engineering various advanced bacteria-based living materials to generate superior therapeutic agents by using genetic modification and surface decoration.In this Account, we summarize the recent advances from our group with a focus on surface coating of bacteria-based living material for advanced microbial therapy. First, we present a brief introduction of the existing living materials in nature that possess the living characteristics of reproduction, biosynthesis, self-healing, self-organization, self-adaption, and environment responsiveness, with a particular emphasis on the advantages of living materials composed by bacteria for microbial therapy. Second, we elaborate the current challenges of using bacteria-based living materials for therapeutic applications and then showcase the strategies to prepare superior living bacterial therapeutics by surface coating of individual bacteria. Three types of coating strategies are included in this Account: (1) the physical strategy to coat bacteria with eukaryotic cell membranes from red blood cells and yeast cells by mechanical extrusion;(2) the chemical strategy to wrap bacteria with synthetic coatings by interfacial self-assembly and interfacial mineralization;(3) the biological strategy to encapsulate bacteria by self-secreted biofilms and apoptosis bodies through external stimulations. We highlight that coated bacteria can be endowed with a wide range of coating-derived exogenous functions and enumerate their appealing characteristics of reduced immune clearance, increased bioavailability, improved safety, and preferential colonization in vivo. Third, we shift to the potential of these coated bacteria as living therapeutic agents for treating various diseases, especially different types of cancer and intestinal inflammations. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges that ...

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“…In parallel, bacteria can be engineered to express therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules. Additional efforts have also been made to evaluate engineered bacteria for in situ applications and prolonged release of recombinant proteins and other biologics to enhance their oral bioavailability and enable environmental stimuli-responsive on-demand delivery [ 256 ]. Therefore, harnessing the beneficial effects of bacteria with both natural therapeutic effects and the capabilities of releasing biologic drugs represent new paradigms in oral cell therapy and drug delivery.…”

Section: Materials For Manipulation Of Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health

et al. 2022

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Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in human health. Currently, however, a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is lacking. To bridge the gap, the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of “material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health.” By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials, gut-microbiome axis, neuroscience, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and biosensing in a dialogue, our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut microbiome. For this purpose, state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study, analysis, and manipulation of the gut microbiome, including intestinal organoids, gut-on-chip models, hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions, microbiome biosensors, and oral bacteria delivery systems. In addition, a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the axis. Lastly, perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research, as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical translation. In this way, we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.

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Bacteria-Based Microdevices for the Oral Delivery of Macromolecules

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface

Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface

Coated Bacteria: Advanced Living Materials for Microbial Therapy

Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health

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