Back Cover: ESA's Cometary Mission Rosetta—Re‐Characterization of the COSAC Mass Spectrometry Results (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 29/2022)

Leseigneur, Guillaume; Bredehöft, Jan Hendrik; Gautier, Thomas; Giri, Chaitanya; Krüger, Harald; MacDermott, A. J.; Meierhenrich, Uwe J.; Muñoz, G. M.; Raulin, F.; Steele, Andrew; Steininger, Harald; Szopa, Cyril; Thiemann, Wolfram; Ulamec, Stephan; Goesmann, Fred

doi:10.1002/anie.202207055

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Notably, a recent study has provided reanalysis of the data collected by the time-of-flight mass spectrometer COSAC 25 minutes after the initial touchdown of Rosetta's Philae lander unit on 67P's surface. This new study, published by Leseigneur et al (2022), updates previous results from Goesmann et al (2015) and explains the observed overall fragmentation pattern ranging from m/z = 12 to 63 with a suite of 12 molecules. These molecules have been identified with a high likelihood based on a least-squares fitting algorithm applied to a set of 120 preselected and partially "hand-picked" reference spectra.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Cyclopentanol does yield a minor amount of M, but tetrahydropyran, with its strong M and M-H signals, must be favored according to our method of analysis. The COSAC mass spectrum evaluated by Goesmann et al (2015) and Leseigneur et al (2022) was collected in the so-called sniffing mode, and it was assumed that, during first contact with the cometary surface, some excavated material entered the exhaust region of the instrument and evaporated there at local temperatures of 12 to 15 • C. Such conditions would be considerably different from those prevalent during the time when the DFMS data investigated in this work were collected, as ejected dust grains can reach temperatures of multiple hundreds of degrees Celsius in the coma (Lien 1990), and heavier species can sublimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the fragmentation pattern of methoxyethane is similar to that of isopropanol, and its presence cannot be excluded. Methoxyethane has recently been proposed in the framework of a reanalysis of COSAC data collected from 67P's surface dust (Leseigneur et al 2022), see details below. Though propanol has not been observed in any comet previously, it has been observed in the galactic center source Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2), for which Belloche et al (2022) reported the presence of both the normal and the iso species.…”

Section: N H M O Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-bearing organic molecules in comet 67P’s dusty coma: First evidence for abundant heterocycles

Hänni,

Altwegg,

Baklouti

et al. 2023

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The puzzling complexity of terrestrial biomolecules is driving the search for complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) and serves as a motivation for many in situ studies of reservoirs of extraterrestrial organics, from meteorites and interplanetary dust particles to comets and asteroids. Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P), the best-studied comet to date, has been visited and accompanied for 2 yr by the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft. Around 67P’s perihelion and under dusty conditions, the high-resolution mass spectrometer on board Rosetta has provided a spectacular glimpse into this comet’s chemical complexity. For this work, we analyzed the O-bearing organic volatiles in unprecedented detail. Through a comparison of 67P’s inventory with molecules detected in the ISM, in other comets, and in soluble organic matter extracted from the Murchison meteorite, we also highlight the (pre)biotic relevance of different chemical groups of species. We report first evidence for abundant extraterrestrial O-bearing heterocycles (with abundances relative to methanol often on the order of 10% and a relative error margin of 30–50%) and various representatives of other molecule classes, such as carboxylic acids and esters, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. As with the pure hydrocarbons, some hydrogenated forms seem to be dominant over their dehydrogenated counterparts. An interesting example is tetrahydrofuran, as it might be a more promising candidate for searches in the ISM than the long-sought furan. Our findings not only support and guide future efforts to investigate the origins of chemical complexity in space, but they also strongly encourage the study, in the laboratory as well as by modeling, of such topics as the ratios of unbranched versus branched species and hydrogenated versus dehydrogenated species in astrophysical ice analogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N H M O Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-bearing organic molecules in comet 67P’s dusty coma: First evidence for abundant heterocycles

Hänni,

Altwegg,

Baklouti

et al. 2023

A&A

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“…Ethylene glycol was already found as one of the 16 molecules in the analysis of the “sniffing” mass spectrum taken by COSAC, [18] and confirmed to be one of the most likely molecules detected within that spectrum by recent research [19] . It has also been detected in the coma of 67P by the ROSINA DFMS instrument onboard the Rosetta orbiter [20] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

COSAC's Only Gas Chromatogram Taken on Comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko

et al. 2022

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In memory of Helmut Rosenbauer ( † 05 May 2016) who designed and developed the scientific program of Rosetta's lander PhilaeThe Philae lander of the Rosetta space mission made a nonnominal landing on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on November 12, 2014. Shortly after, using the limited power available from Philae's batteries, the COSAC instrument performed a single 18-minutes gas chromatogram, which has remained unpublished until now due to the lack of identifiable elution. This work shows that, despite the unsuccessful drilling of the comet and deposition of surface material in the SD2 ovens, the measurements from the COSAC instrument were executed nominally. We describe an automated search for extremely small deviations from noise and discuss the possibility of a signal from ethylene glycol at m/z 31. Arguments for and against this detection are listed, but the results remain inconclusive. Still, the successful operations of an analytical chemistry laboratory on a cometary nucleus gives great hope for the future of space exploration.

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Back Cover: ESA's Cometary Mission Rosetta—Re‐Characterization of the COSAC Mass Spectrometry Results (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 29/2022)

Cited by 2 publications

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Oxygen-bearing organic molecules in comet 67P’s dusty coma: First evidence for abundant heterocycles

Oxygen-bearing organic molecules in comet 67P’s dusty coma: First evidence for abundant heterocycles

COSAC's Only Gas Chromatogram Taken on Comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko

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