B-Lymphocytes from a Population of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal

Croft, Cindy

doi:10.1201/b18030-17

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Three cross‐sectional studies assessed different endpoints relevant to neurotoxicity in children. One of them was a large cross‐sectional study from the C8 cohort (Stein and Savitz, ) which showed a statistically significant association between serum PFHxS and diagnosis of ADHD (based on interview, including medications) in children and adolescents. Same‐direction non‐statistically significant associations between were also reported for PFNA (and PFOS).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

311

265

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS s) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFAS s: PFOA , PFNA , PFH xS and PFOS . These made up half of the lower bound ( LB ) exposure to those PFAS s with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFAS s with short half‐lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFAS s included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4‐ to 49‐fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’ contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/ mL for the sum of the four PFAS s in serum was identified for 1‐year‐old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/ mL in children was estimated to correspond to long‐term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake ( TWI ) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI , which is of concern.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associations between PFASs and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and learning problems in children were investigated by Stein and Savitz (). This was a cross‐sectional study in the C8 cohort exposed to PFOA from contaminated drinking water.…”

Section: Appendix J – Human Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

311

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, a positive association between PFAS exposure and several neurological traits such as impulsivity ( 83 ), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ( 84 , 85 ), behavioral problems ( 86 ), or poorer executive function ( 87 ) was reported by some epidemiological studies. However, these findings were in most cases not confirmed by longitudinal studies, reporting no association between ADHD ( 88 , 89 ), autism spectrum disorders ( 88 , 90 , 91 ), parent- or teacher-reported behavioral scores ( 86 , 92 , 93 ), or cognitive abilities ( 94 , 95 ) of exposed children.…”

Section: Prenatal Exposure To Pfas: Effects On Maternal and Neonatal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Disrupting Effects of Old and New Generation PFAS

et al. 2021

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a group of synthetic compounds widely used in industry plants due to their low grade of degradation, surfactant properties, thermic and flame resistance. These characteristics are useful for the industrial production, however they are also potentially dangerous for human health and for the environment. PFAS are persistent pollutants accumulating in waters and soil and recoverable in foods due to their release by food packaging. Humans are daily exposed to PFAS because these compounds are ubiquitous and, when assimilated, they are difficult to be eliminated, persisting for years both in humans and animals. Due to their persistence and potential danger to health, some old generation PFAS have been replaced by newly synthesized PFAS with the aim to use alternative compounds presumably safer for humans and the environment. Yet, the environmental pollution with PFAS remains a matter of concern worldwide and led to large-scale epidemiological studies both on plants’ workers and on exposed people in the general population. In this context, strong concern emerged concerning the potential adverse effects of PFAS on the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the regulation of metabolism, and thyroid function is related to cardiovascular disease, fertility, and fetal neurodevelopment. In vitro, ex vivo data, and epidemiological studies suggested that PFASs may disrupt the thyroid hormone system in humans, with possible negative repercussions on the outcome of pregnancy and fetal-child development. However, data on the thyroid disrupting effect of PFAS remain controversial, as well as their impact on human health in different ages of life. Aim of the present paper is to review recent data on the effects of old and new generation PFAS on thyroid homeostasis. To this purpose we collected information from in vitro studies, animal models, and in vivo data on exposed workers, general population, and pregnant women.

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“…When researchers identified health risks such as high cholesterol or dangerously poor organ function, the C8 Study could be credited for saving lives (Lyons 2007). The C8 Study produced 38 articles 4 on the relationship between PFOA exposure and health outcomes, including hyperactivity (Stein and Savitz 2011), liver function (Gallo et al 2012), pregnancy outcomes (Savitz et al 2012;Stein, Savitz, and Dougan 2009), and thyroid function (Lopez-Espinosa et al 2012). Furthermore, the C8 Science Panel identified significant associations between PFOA exposure and kidney cancer, testicular cancer, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (C8 Science Panel 2011, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2012d.…”

Section: The C8 Health Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exposure Experience

et al. 2016

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This article explores the "exposure experience" of participants who received their personal results in a biomonitoring study for perfluorooctanoic acid. Exposure experience is the process of identifying, understanding, and responding to chemical contamination. When biomonitoring studies report results to participants, those participants generate an exposure experience that identifies hidden contaminants and helps level informational imbalances between polluters and affected communities. Participants welcomed the opportunity to learn their exposure results, reporting no psychological harm following report-back. They wove health, economic, and political considerations into their interpretation of results and their present views of past impact. Participants framed their experiences by a half-century of dependence on the chemical industry's economic benefits, leading them to considerable acceptance of chemical exposure as a tradeoff for jobs and the local economy. Our findings show that the exposure experience is an ongoing process that influences social action, with new activism being generated by exposure and health studies.

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B-Lymphocytes from a Population of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Thyroid Disrupting Effects of Old and New Generation PFAS

The Exposure Experience

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