Azithromycin for COVID-19: More Than Just an Antimicrobial?

Bleyzac, Nathalie; Goutelle, Sylvain; Bourguignon, Laurent; Tod, Michel

doi:10.1007/s40261-020-00933-3

Cited by 102 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These drugs are anti-inflammatory and possess anti-viral properties (Catanzaro et al 2020 ). Macrolide antibiotics also have immunomodulatory actions via reduction of neutrophil-related inflammation, suppression of TNF-α and IL-1 reduction and mild potential for inhibition of NF-κB pathway (Cheung et al 2010 ; Bleyzac et al 2002 ). Though Azithromycin was used in the treatment of COVID-19 initially, both on its own and along with hydroxychloroquine, the cumulative risks of QT interval prolongation and high risk of cardiac toxicity and death have reduced the enthusiasm for this combination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2020

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health care systems worldwide. Severe presentations of COVID-19 such as severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been associated with the post-viral activation and release of cytokine/chemokines which leads to a “cytokine storm” causing inflammatory response and destruction, mainly affecting the lungs. COVID-19 activation of transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in various cells such as macrophages of lung, liver, kidney, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system leads to production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, LT-α, LT-β, GM-CSF, and various chemokines. The sensitised NF-κB in elderly and in patients with metabolic syndrome makes this set of population susceptible to COVID-19 and their worse complications, including higher mortality. Immunomodulation at the level of NF-κB activation and inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB) degradation along with TNF-α inhibition will potentially result in a reduction in the cytokine storm and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway has a potential therapeutic role in alleviating the severe form of COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2020

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“…The drug is described as potentially effective in combating SARS-CoV-2 due to its antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. 46 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What the dental practitioner needs to know about pharmaco-therapeutic modalities of COVID-19 treatment: A review

Dar‐Odeh¹,

Elsayed²,

Babkair³

et al. 2021

Journal of Dental Sciences

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“…Hence, continuing the treatment was thought to be safe. Azithromycin was used in our cases because of its antiviral and immune-modulatory properties [ 9 ]. We would like to stress out that, since they have cardiac side effects, macrolides and quinolones should not be preferred if an anti-bacterial coverage is needed in the course of COVID-19 treatment.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Haemodialysis Patients under Hydroxychloroquine Treatment for COVID-19: A Report of Two Cases

2020

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Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) has been used for the treatment of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) even though there is no clear evidence for its effectiveness yet. In contrary, HQ has major side effects like QTc prolongation and subsequent development of ventricular arrhythmias. Such side effects may possess additional risks on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who have higher cardiovascular risks than general population. We herein present 2 cases of sudden cardiac death in 2 ESRD patients with COVID-19 for whom a treatment regimen including HQ was preferred. Both patients were clinically stable at the time of arrest. Death could not be attributed to worsening of the COVID-19 since the patients’ clinical picture and laboratory values were improving. The cardiac events coincided with the end of routine haemodialysis sessions of both patients. Electrocardiography controls upon admission and on the 24 and 48 h of treatment showed normal QTc intervals. Potential risks contributing to sudden cardiac death during HQ treatment of ESRD patients are discussed.

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Azithromycin for COVID-19: More Than Just an Antimicrobial?

Cited by 102 publications

References 43 publications

The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients

The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients

What the dental practitioner needs to know about pharmaco-therapeutic modalities of COVID-19 treatment: A review

Sudden Cardiac Death in Haemodialysis Patients under Hydroxychloroquine Treatment for COVID-19: A Report of Two Cases

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