Avocado oil: Production and market demand, bioactive components, implications in health, and tendencies and potential uses

Abstract

Avocado is a subtropical/tropical fruit with creamy texture, peculiar flavor, and high nutritional value. Due to its high oil content, a significant quantity of avocado fruit is used for the production of oil using different methods. Avocado oil is rich in lipid‐soluble bioactive compounds, but their content depends on different factors. Several phytochemicals in the oil have been linked to prevention of cancer, age‐related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular diseases and therefore have generated an increase in consumer demand for avocado oil. The aim of this review is to critically and systematically analyze the worldwide production and commercialization of avocado oil, its extraction methods, changes in its fat‐soluble phytochemical content, health benefits, and new trends and applications. There is a lack of information on the production and commercialization of the different types of avocado oil, but there are abundant data on extraction methods using solvents, centrifugation‐assisted aqueous extraction, mechanical extraction by cold pressing (varying concentration and type of enzymes, temperature and time of reaction, and dilution ratio), ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid to enhance the yield and quality of oil. Extensive information is available on the content of fatty acids, although it is limited on carotenoids and chlorophylls. The effect of avocado oil on cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated through in vitro and animal studies, but not in humans. Avocado oil continues to be of interest to the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries and is also generating increased attention in other areas including structured lipids, nanotechnology, and environmental care.

Persea americana Peel: A Promising Source of Nutraceutical for the Mitigation of Cardiovascular Risk in Arthritic Rats Through the Gut–Joint Axis

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases [77] by improving dyslipidemia and reducing inflammation, as shown in the current results. Additionally, oleic acid has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory marker genes, such as TNF-α and IL-6 [78] as observed in our results. The upregulation of IL-10 gene expression observed in rats administered with APN may reduce the cardiovascular risk by downregulating COX2 expression.…”

Persea americana Peel: A Promising Source of Nutraceutical for the Mitigation of Cardiovascular Risk in Arthritic Rats Through the Gut–Joint Axis

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases [77] by improving dyslipidemia and reducing inflammation, as shown in the current results. Additionally, oleic acid has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory marker genes, such as TNF-α and IL-6 [78] as observed in our results. The upregulation of IL-10 gene expression observed in rats administered with APN may reduce the cardiovascular risk by downregulating COX2 expression.…”

Effect of Predry-treatment on the bioactive constituents and quality of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil from three cultivars growing in China

“…Comparatively, vacuum drying pretreatment produced the lowest oil yield (51.13 ± 4.33%). This result was in accordance with other studies (2,24). The changes of AO yield resulted from different drying treatments could result from drying temperature and drying method (9).…”

Determining Drivers of Liking for Onion Chicken Seasoning in Instant Noodles through Penalty Sensory Analysis

“…Overall liking [24]. It also contributes to the "creamy" and "rich" perception of noodle soup broth, which could intensify the overall acceptance of noodle soup [25]. The finding of [26] corroborates this study, showing that using red palm oil in flavoring oil gravy for instant noodles improved the sensory qualities of the dish.…”

Persea americana Peel: A Promising Source of Nutraceutical for the Mitigation of Cardiovascular Risk in Arthritic Rats Through the Gut–Joint Axis

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases [77] by improving dyslipidemia and reducing inflammation, as shown in the current results. Additionally, oleic acid has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory marker genes, such as TNF-α and IL-6 [78] as observed in our results. The upregulation of IL-10 gene expression observed in rats administered with APN may reduce the cardiovascular risk by downregulating COX2 expression.…”

Effect of Predry-treatment on the bioactive constituents and quality of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil from three cultivars growing in China

“…Comparatively, vacuum drying pretreatment produced the lowest oil yield (51.13 ± 4.33%). This result was in accordance with other studies (2,24). The changes of AO yield resulted from different drying treatments could result from drying temperature and drying method (9).…”

Determining Drivers of Liking for Onion Chicken Seasoning in Instant Noodles through Penalty Sensory Analysis

“…Overall liking [24]. It also contributes to the "creamy" and "rich" perception of noodle soup broth, which could intensify the overall acceptance of noodle soup [25]. The finding of [26] corroborates this study, showing that using red palm oil in flavoring oil gravy for instant noodles improved the sensory qualities of the dish.…”

Persea americana Peel: A Promising Source of Nutraceutical for the Mitigation of Cardiovascular Risk in Arthritic Rats Through the Gut–Joint Axis

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases [77] by improving dyslipidemia and reducing inflammation, as shown in the current results. Additionally, oleic acid has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory marker genes, such as TNF-α and IL-6 [78] as observed in our results. The upregulation of IL-10 gene expression observed in rats administered with APN may reduce the cardiovascular risk by downregulating COX2 expression.…”

Effect of Predry-treatment on the bioactive constituents and quality of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil from three cultivars growing in China

“…Comparatively, vacuum drying pretreatment produced the lowest oil yield (51.13 ± 4.33%). This result was in accordance with other studies (2,24). The changes of AO yield resulted from different drying treatments could result from drying temperature and drying method (9).…”

Determining Drivers of Liking for Onion Chicken Seasoning in Instant Noodles through Penalty Sensory Analysis

“…Overall liking [24]. It also contributes to the "creamy" and "rich" perception of noodle soup broth, which could intensify the overall acceptance of noodle soup [25]. The finding of [26] corroborates this study, showing that using red palm oil in flavoring oil gravy for instant noodles improved the sensory qualities of the dish.…”