Avian influenza virus H9 subtype in poultry flocks in Jordan

Roussan, Dergham A.; Khawaldeh, Ghassan Y.; Rifai, Rami H. Al; Totanji, W. S.; Shaheen, Ibrahem A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.06.021

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, subtype H9N2 viruses have been detected in domestic poultry in several neighboring Middle Eastern countries ( 25 – 29 ). As of May 2011, subtype H9N2 viruses were detected on quail and chicken farms in Egypt by another group ( 10 ), and in December 2011, they were detected by our surveillance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus, Egypt, 2010–2012

Kayali¹,

Kandeil²,

El-Shesheny³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continuous circulation of influenza A(H5N1) virus among poultry in Egypt has created an epicenter in which the viruses evolve into newer subclades and continue to cause disease in humans. To detect influenza viruses in Egypt, since 2009 we have actively surveyed various regions and poultry production sectors. From August 2010 through January 2013, >11,000 swab samples were collected; 10% were positive by matrix gene reverse transcription PCR. During this period, subtype H9N2 viruses emerged, cocirculated with subtype H5N1 viruses, and frequently co-infected the same avian host. Genetic and antigenic analyses of viruses revealed that influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.2.1 viruses are dominant and that all subtype H9N2 viruses are G1-like. Cocirculation of different subtypes poses concern for potential reassortment. Avian influenza continues to threaten public and animal health in Egypt, and continuous surveillance for avian influenza virus is needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus, Egypt, 2010–2012

Kayali¹,

Kandeil²,

El-Shesheny³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infection of different poultry species, including quail, with H9N2 in the Middle East has been reported frequently since the early 2000s [1,5,18,36,41,42]. Here, for the first time, the isolation of H9N2 virus in Egypt is described.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt

El-Zoghby¹,

Arafa²,

Hassan³

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study describes the first isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) from commercial bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt. Infected birds showed neither clinical signs nor mortality. Virus isolation and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of the H9N2 virus in cloacal swab samples collected at 35 days of age and the absence of other AIV subtypes, including H5 and H7. The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the isolated virus showed 99.1% and 98.2% nucleotide identity and 97.3% and 100% amino acid identity, respectively, to those of H9N2 viruses currently circulating in poultry in the Middle East. Phylogenetically, the Egyptian H9N2 virus was closely related to viruses of the G1-like lineage isolated from neighbouring countries, indicating possible epidemiological links.

show abstract

“…Initially concentrated in Asia [5], outbreaks subsequently spread to Africa, the Middle East [6], [7], and America [8] causing significant economic losses related to increased mortality and decreased production in poultry industry [9]. It has also been reported that H9N2 avian influenza virus can cross species barrier and infect humans [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Characteristics of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Commercial Poultry in Tunisia

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveEstimate the seroprevalence of influenza A virus in various commercial poultry farms and evaluate specific risk factors as well as analyze their genetic nature using molecular assays.Materials and MethodsThis report summarizes the findings of a national survey realized from October 2010 to May 2011 on 800 flocks in 20 governorates. Serum samples were screened for the presence of specific influenza virus antibodies using cELISA test. Additionally, swab samples were tested by real time and conventional RT-PCR and compared with results obtained by others assays. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the glycoproteins were established for some strains.ResultsOut of the 800 chicken and turkey flocks tested by cELISA, 223 showed positive anti-NP antibodies (28.7%, 95% CI: 25.6–32.1). Significantly higher seroprevalence was found among the coastal areas compared to inland and during the autumn and winter. Broiler flocks showed significantly lower seroprevalence than layers and broiler breeders. The influenza virus infection prevalence increased after the laying phase among layer flocks. In addition, AIV seropositivity was significantly associated with low biosecurity measures. The Ag EIA and rRT-PCR tests revealed significantly higher numbers of AI positive samples as compared to cell cultures or egg inoculation. All new strains were subtyped as H9N2 by real time and conventional RT-PCR. Drift mutations, addition or deletion of glycosylation sites were likely to have occurred in the HA and NA glycoproteins of Tunisian strains resulting in multiple new amino acid substitutions. This fact may reflect different evolutionary pressures affecting these glycoproteins. The role of these newly detected substitutions should be tested.ConclusionOur findings highlight the potential risk of AIV to avian health. Strict enforcement of biosecurity measures and possible vaccination of all poultry flocks with continuous monitoring of poultry stations may ensure reduction of AIV prevalence and avoid emergence of more pathogenic strains.

show abstract

Avian influenza virus H9 subtype in poultry flocks in Jordan

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Active Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus, Egypt, 2010–2012

Active Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus, Egypt, 2010–2012

Isolation of H9N2 avian influenza virus from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in Egypt

Risk Factors and Characteristics of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Commercial Poultry in Tunisia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About